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Today in History: Einstein and Russell urge action against nuclear threats

7/9/2025

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Summary

Story summary

On July 9, 1955, Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, and nine other prominent intellectuals issued the Russell–Einstein Manifesto in London. This document urged world leaders to address the threats of nuclear weapons and seek peaceful conflict resolutions. The manifesto led to the establishment of the Pugwash Conferences, aimed at reducing global security threats.

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Story summary

On July 9, 1955, Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, and nine other prominent intellectuals issued the Russell–Einstein Manifesto in London. This document urged world leaders to address the threats of nuclear weapons and seek peaceful conflict resolutions. The manifesto led to the establishment of the Pugwash Conferences, aimed at reducing global security threats.