U.S.-China Dynamics: Lessons from Dan Wang's "Breakneck"

In his book *Breakneck: China's Quest to Engineer the Future*, Dan Wang presents a provocative analysis of the contrasting governance models of the United States and China. Wang characterizes China as an "engineering state," where leadership is predominantly composed of engineers focused on rapid infrastructure development and technological advancement. In contrast, he describes the U.S. as a "lawyerly society," where legal procedures and bureaucratic processes often hinder swift decision-making and project execution. This dichotomy raises critical questions about the future of U.S.-China relations amid what some perceive as a new cold war.

The Tyee

Wang highlights China's remarkable achievements in infrastructure and technology, noting that the country has constructed extensive mass transit systems, vast numbers of new homes, and has become a leader in clean technology deployment. He argues that these accomplishments stand in stark contrast to the stagnation observed in many American cities, which he describes as remnants of a once-great industrial civilization. Wang asserts that the U.S. could benefit from studying China's successes, particularly in areas where American infrastructure has lagged.

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Despite China's rapid development, Wang points out that the country's engineering-focused policies have contributed to high youth unemployment rates. He cites the crackdown on major internet platforms initiated by President Xi Jinping in 2020, which led to significant layoffs in vibrant sectors like online education and e-commerce. This focus on advanced manufacturing over service jobs has left many young Chinese feeling disillusioned and without adequate opportunities.

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Wang observes a convergence in economic governance approaches between the U.S. and China, particularly regarding industrial policy. He suggests that American policymakers are beginning to adopt strategies reminiscent of China's state-directed model. However, he warns that the U.S. risks emulating the less favorable aspects of China's approach, particularly under the leadership of former President Donald Trump, who he believes has adopted detrimental policies that mirror China's worst elements.

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While Wang's "engineering state" framework offers insights into China's rapid construction capabilities, critics argue that it oversimplifies the complexities of China's political economy. Analysts like Keyu Jin propose a "mayor economy" model, emphasizing local competition and market-driven innovation. However, this perspective may overlook the central government's significant influence in shaping local policies and priorities, leading to a misinterpretation of China's economic dynamics.

The Diplomat Magazine

Wang's analysis extends beyond the U.S.-China relationship, suggesting that policymakers in Europe and other regions could also learn from the contrasting governance models. He advocates for a balanced approach that incorporates the strengths of both engineering ambition and legal safeguards. As the global landscape evolves, understanding these dynamics will be crucial for navigating the complexities of international relations and economic competition.

The Diplomat Magazine

• “For decades, it was right and good for China to learn from the United States,” — Dan Wang, Author

NPR

• “The engineering state is much more attentive to advanced manufacturing than the sorts of service jobs that young Chinese are more attracted to.” — Dan Wang, Author

NPR

• “But America isn't learning some of the more useful lessons from the engineering state.” — Dan Wang, Author

NPR

In summary, Dan Wang's *Breakneck* challenges readers to reconsider the narratives surrounding U.S.-China relations, emphasizing the need for mutual learning and adaptation in an increasingly competitive global landscape.

NPR