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9th Circuit Overturns Conviction in School Gun Case

9/26/2025

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Summary

Story summary

The 9th Circuit overturned Gabriel Metcalf's federal conviction for carrying a shotgun near a Billings elementary school, saying he likely qualified for an exemption under the Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA).
Montana's permitless carry, Metcalf argued, rendered him "licensed" under the GFSZA.
Judge VanDyke emphasized fair notice before conviction.
Dissenting Judge Schroeder argued the statute was not ambiguous and criticized the majority's interpretation.

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Story summary

The 9th Circuit overturned Gabriel Metcalf's federal conviction for carrying a shotgun near a Billings elementary school, saying he likely qualified for an exemption under the Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA).
Montana's permitless carry, Metcalf argued, rendered him "licensed" under the GFSZA.
Judge VanDyke emphasized fair notice before conviction.
Dissenting Judge Schroeder argued the statute was not ambiguous and criticized the majority's interpretation.