Kazakhstan's Shift to Middle Power Diplomacy at the UN

Kazakhstan's President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's address at the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 23, 2025, marks a significant shift in the country's foreign policy. Moving away from a historically cautious multivectorism, Tokayev's speech reflects an intention to actively participate in global governance and assert Kazakhstan's role as a middle power. He emphasized the need for reforms within the UN, particularly advocating for fairer representation in the Security Council for regions such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and called for a greater role for middle powers in international diplomacy.

Tokayev at UNGA80: Calls for UN Reform, Warns of Rising Military SpendingKazakhstan’s President calls for UN reformKazakhstan Recasts Its Foreign Policy at the United NationsKazakhstan’s middle-power diplomacy: Rethinking global governance

During his address, Tokayev highlighted Kazakhstan's strategic position as a logistics hub, stating that the country carries 80% of all overland freight between Asia and Europe. He announced plans to construct 5,000 kilometers of new railway by 2029, reinforcing the "Middle Corridor" as both an economic and political instrument. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to position Kazakhstan as a facilitator of regional dialogue, exemplified by its role in mediating discussions between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Kazakhstan Recasts Its Foreign Policy at the United Nations

Tokayev also underscored the importance of addressing global challenges such as climate change and nuclear disarmament. He proposed hosting renewed talks on nuclear non-proliferation and emphasized the need for collective action to tackle environmental issues, linking local ecological crises to global security.

Kazakhstan’s President calls for UN reform

Despite the ambitious proposals, some analysts question whether Kazakhstan can effectively transition from a passive player to an active agenda-setter on the global stage. Critics argue that the country's historical reliance on balancing relationships with major powers like Russia and China may hinder its ability to assert independence in its foreign policy. The effectiveness of Tokayev's initiatives will depend on Kazakhstan's ability to navigate complex geopolitical dynamics while maintaining its partnerships.

Kazakhstan’s middle-power diplomacy: Rethinking global governance

In his speech, Tokayev stated, “Serious violations of international law have become a ‘new normality,’ undermining global stability and eroding trust between peoples, political leaders, and states.” He called for a renewed commitment to multilateralism, urging world leaders to embrace diplomacy and shared responsibility. The UN Secretary-General has acknowledged Kazakhstan's growing role in international relations, recognizing its potential as a mediator and advocate for reform.

Tokayev at UNGA80: Calls for UN Reform, Warns of Rising Military Spending

Looking ahead, Kazakhstan's diplomatic efforts will be tested as it seeks to implement its vision for a reformed UN and enhance its role in global governance. The upcoming Regional Ecological Summit in April 2026 and ongoing infrastructure projects will be critical in demonstrating Kazakhstan's commitment to its new diplomatic identity. As Tokayev concluded, Kazakhstan aims to be a “bridge-builder and peace-maker,” emphasizing cooperation over confrontation in a rapidly changing world.

Kazakhstan’s President calls for UN reform

Kazakhstan's evolving foreign policy reflects a strategic pivot towards greater agency in international affairs, with the potential to influence global governance and regional stability.

Kazakhstan’s President calls for UN reform