Rapid Detection of PFAS in Water: A Breakthrough in Environmental Monitoring

Researchers at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (UChicago PME) and Argonne National Laboratory have developed a novel portable sensor capable of detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," in water. This innovative method allows for the rapid identification of these contaminants, which are known for their persistence in the environment and potential health risks.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

The new sensor technology utilizes unique probes to quantify PFAS levels, achieving detection at concentrations as low as 250 parts per quadrillion (ppq)—equivalent to one grain of sand in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. This capability is particularly significant for monitoring two of the most toxic PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed limits of 4 parts per trillion.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

Junhong Chen, Crown Family Professor at UChicago PME and Lead Water Strategist at Argonne, emphasized the advantages of this technology over existing methods, which can take weeks and require sophisticated laboratory equipment. “Our new sensor device can measure these contaminants in just minutes,” Chen stated.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

PFAS are associated with various health concerns, including cancers, thyroid issues, and weakened immune systems. Their long-lasting nature means they accumulate in both the environment and human bodies, prompting the EPA to establish stricter regulations. The ability to quickly and accurately detect these chemicals is crucial for public health and environmental safety.

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

Andrew Ferguson, a Professor of Molecular Engineering at UChicago PME, noted the pressing need for effective PFAS detection and elimination, highlighting the role of computer simulations and machine learning in enhancing sensor sensitivity and selectivity.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

Despite advancements, researchers face challenges in developing faster and more cost-effective PFAS tests. PFAS are often present in water at lower concentrations than more common contaminants, and there are thousands of PFAS variants, each with slight structural differences that can significantly affect their health impacts and regulatory status.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

Seth Darling, a Senior Scientist at both Argonne and UChicago, explained that while PFAS are typically found in minuscule amounts, their unique molecular characteristics allow the new probes to differentiate them from other substances in water.

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

Chen's team has been refining this sensor technology for over fifteen years, initially focusing on lead detection in tap water. Their proposal to adapt this technology for PFAS detection has been incorporated into the National Science Foundation Water Innovation Engine in the Great Lakes region. The ongoing development aims to enhance the specificity of sensors for individual PFAS chemicals, such as PFOS.

Technology NetworksTiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

The collaborative effort between UChicago PME and Argonne National Laboratory represents a significant advancement in environmental monitoring technology. Researchers are optimistic that this portable sensor will facilitate more accessible and efficient testing for PFAS, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

“Existing methods to measure levels of these contaminants can take weeks, and require state-of-the-art equipment and expertise,” — Junhong Chen, Crown Family Professor at UChicago PME

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

“PFAS detection and elimination is a pressing environmental and public health challenge,” — Andrew Ferguson, Professor of Molecular Engineering at UChicago PME

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water

“Even though they are typically present at miniscule concentrations, PFAS do have certain molecular characteristics that differentiate them from other things dissolved in water, and our probes are designed to recognize those features,” — Seth Darling, Senior Scientist at Argonne and UChicago

Tiny sensors rapidly detect “forever chemicals” in water