Giorgia Meloni's Three-Year Tenure: Stability Amidst Challenges in Italy

Since Giorgia Meloni took office as Italy's first female prime minister in September 2022, her government has achieved notable economic milestones. Italy's deficit has been reduced significantly, projected to fall below 3 percent of GDP by 2026, allowing the country to exit an excessive deficit procedure initiated by the European Union. Unemployment has decreased from 8 percent to 6 percent, contributing to increased tax revenues. Under Meloni's leadership, Italy's 10-year bond yields have aligned closely with those of France, indicating improved investor confidence. Credit rating agency Fitch upgraded Italy's credit rating, citing political stability and enhanced financial conditions.

Foreign PolicyThe Meloni method after three years in powerItaly’s Meloni completes three years in power: How did she overcome Italian instability?

Meloni's coalition has maintained power for over 1,000 days, a rarity in Italy's historically tumultuous political environment. Her party, Brothers of Italy, consistently leads opinion polls, significantly ahead of the center-left Democratic Party. Analysts note that Meloni's ability to balance her far-right base with the expectations of moderates has been crucial to her sustained popularity. However, her leadership style has drawn criticism for centralizing power and limiting dissent, particularly regarding civil rights and freedom of expression.

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Meloni's government has pursued a stringent immigration policy, brokering controversial agreements with North African leaders, including Tunisian President Kais Saied, to reduce migrant arrivals. The EU pledged $1.3 billion to Tunisia in exchange for its cooperation in curbing migration. However, her plan to process asylum seekers in detention centers in Albania faced legal challenges and criticism for being inhumane and inefficient. Despite these setbacks, Meloni's administration has also approved work permits for nearly half a million non-European migrants to address labor shortages, highlighting a complex approach to immigration.

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While Meloni's government has achieved stability, it faces significant challenges. Critics argue that her administration has not delivered substantial structural changes, with Italy's economy stagnating and public debt remaining high at approximately 140 percent of GDP. Discontent has grown among citizens, particularly regarding rising inequality and the handling of protests against her policies, including her stance on the Gaza conflict. The opposition remains fragmented, with former Prime Minister Romano Prodi stating that the lack of a coherent alternative makes Meloni's position less vulnerable.

The Meloni method after three years in power

Meloni has positioned herself as a pragmatic leader, balancing nationalist rhetoric with fiscal responsibility. She has maintained Italy's NATO membership and avoided direct confrontations with the EU, striving to appear reliable on the international stage. However, her government's approach to civil rights and immigration has raised concerns among various advocacy groups, warning of potential erosions of democratic values.

Italy’s Meloni completes three years in power: How did she overcome Italian instability?

As Meloni continues her tenure, her administration faces the dual challenge of maintaining economic stability while addressing growing public discontent. The upcoming debates on constitutional reforms, including proposals for direct election of the prime minister, will test her ability to navigate the complexities of Italian politics. The effectiveness of her policies in fostering genuine change remains to be seen, as Italy grapples with its historical challenges amidst a shifting European landscape.

The Meloni method after three years in power