Russia's Use of 9M729 Missile in Ukraine: Implications and Reactions

In recent months, Russia has utilized the ground-launched 9M729 cruise missile in its ongoing conflict with Ukraine, a development that has significant implications for international arms control and security dynamics. This missile's deployment is linked to the United States' withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 2019, a decision prompted by concerns over the missile's range and capabilities.

Reuters

Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha confirmed that Russia has launched the 9M729 missile at Ukrainian targets 23 times since August 21, 2025. This missile, which can carry both nuclear and conventional warheads, has a reported range of up to 2,500 kilometers, far exceeding the INF Treaty limit of 500 kilometers for ground-launched missiles. The missile's first confirmed use in combat occurred on October 5, when it struck a residential building in Ukraine, resulting in four fatalities.

Russia’s Treaty-Busting Screwdriver Cruise Missile Used Against Ukraine: OfficialsReuters

The missile's deployment aligns with Russia's broader military strategy, as it allows for strikes from deeper within Russian territory, complicating Ukrainian air defense efforts. Analysts suggest that the use of the 9M729 serves as a signal to both Ukraine and NATO allies, indicating Russia's willingness to escalate military pressure amid ongoing peace negotiations.

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Ukrainian officials have expressed that Russia's use of the 9M729 demonstrates a blatant disregard for international arms control agreements and the diplomatic efforts of former U.S. President Donald Trump to stabilize the situation. Sybiha stated, "Russia's use of the INF-banned 9M729 against Ukraine in the past months demonstrates Putin's disrespect to the United States and President Trump's diplomatic efforts." In response to the missile attacks, Ukraine has called for increased military support from the U.S. and its allies, particularly long-range Tomahawk missiles.

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The U.S. has not publicly commented on the specific use of the 9M729 but has resumed nuclear weapons testing, citing the actions of other nations as justification. Trump's recent directive to the military to begin testing nuclear weapons again has raised concerns about a renewed arms race.

Russia’s Treaty-Busting Screwdriver Cruise Missile Used Against Ukraine: Officials

Critics argue that the deployment of the 9M729 missile not only violates the spirit of the INF Treaty but also poses a significant threat to European security. John Foreman, a former British defense attaché, noted that the use of such missiles in Ukraine could have implications beyond the conflict, affecting the security landscape across Europe.

Russia’s Treaty-Busting Screwdriver Cruise Missile Used Against Ukraine: Officials

While Ukrainian officials have provided evidence of the missile's use, including images of missile debris, Russia has consistently denied any violations of the INF Treaty. The Kremlin claims that the 9M729 does not exceed the treaty's limits, despite evidence to the contrary. This discrepancy highlights ongoing tensions regarding arms control and military transparency.

Russia’s Treaty-Busting Screwdriver Cruise Missile Used Against Ukraine: Officials

As the conflict continues, Ukraine is likely to intensify its calls for advanced military support from Western allies, including air defense systems capable of countering missile threats. The situation remains fluid, with potential implications for future arms control negotiations and regional security dynamics as both sides prepare for further military engagements.

Reuters