Innovative Saliva Test for Psychiatric Diagnosis

Researchers in Brazil have developed a novel, inexpensive biosensor capable of detecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in saliva, a significant advancement for diagnosing and monitoring psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. This device, detailed in the journal *ACS Polymers Au*, offers results in under an hour, contrasting sharply with traditional lab-based methods that rely on blood samples and complex procedures.

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The biosensor consists of a flexible polyester strip embedded with electrodes made from carbon and silver inks. When saliva is applied, BDNF proteins bind to specific antibodies on the electrodes, altering the electrical resistance of the sensor. This change is measured to quantify BDNF levels, which can indicate mental health conditions. The device is designed to be highly selective, accurately detecting BDNF without interference from other saliva components, and can operate with a cost of approximately $2.19 per strip.

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BDNF is crucial for neuronal health and has been linked to various mental health disorders. Lower levels of BDNF are associated with conditions like major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The ability to measure BDNF non-invasively could provide clinicians with objective data to complement traditional diagnostic methods, which often rely on subjective patient reports.

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The current study serves as a proof-of-concept, and the researchers plan to conduct further tests with a larger, more diverse patient population to validate the sensor's accuracy and reliability in clinical settings. They aim to establish clear thresholds for healthy versus pathological BDNF levels and explore the integration of additional biomarkers into the device for comprehensive health assessments.

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While the biosensor shows promise, it is important to note that the initial experiments were limited to a small number of saliva samples from a single volunteer. Critics may point to the need for extensive validation studies to ensure the device's effectiveness across different populations and conditions.

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The research team expressed optimism about the potential of their biosensor to revolutionize psychiatric diagnostics. They stated, “Our device could provide an objective measure of therapeutic success as patients respond to treatment, such as antidepressants.”

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• “Our research can form the basis for developing better treatments, particularly better medications with improved efficacy and fewer side effects,” — Ole Andreassen, Professor

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• “This year’s prizewinners exemplify the creativity and rigor driving progress in psychiatric science.” — Judith M. Ford, Chair of BBRF Scientific Council

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The researchers plan to secure a patent for their technology and refine the device for commercial production. Future studies will focus on integrating sensors for other biomarkers, enhancing the device's utility in mental health diagnostics.

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