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Study Reveals Time as Universe's Sole Constant

11/25/2025

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Summary

Story summary

A study suggests time may be the only constant needed to describe the universe.
The idea arose from discussions by Michael J. Duff, Lev B. Okun, and Gabriele Veneziano at CERN in 1992.
They examined the minimum constants needed to measure physical quantities in different spacetime models.
The study, published in Nature Scientific Reports, finds that Minkowski spacetime requires only time, while Galilean spacetime requires time and length.

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Story summary

A study suggests time may be the only constant needed to describe the universe.
The idea arose from discussions by Michael J. Duff, Lev B. Okun, and Gabriele Veneziano at CERN in 1992.
They examined the minimum constants needed to measure physical quantities in different spacetime models.
The study, published in Nature Scientific Reports, finds that Minkowski spacetime requires only time, while Galilean spacetime requires time and length.