Shortage of Male Mentors for Boys and Young Men in the U.S.

A recent study by RAND highlights a significant shortage of male mentors for boys and young men in the United States. While most young males report having access to adult mentorship, the majority of these figures are women, particularly in critical areas such as education, relationships, and future planning. This gender disparity in mentorship is particularly pronounced among lower-income youth, who face additional challenges in accessing male guidance.

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The study analyzed data from a nationally representative survey conducted in May 2025, involving 1,083 males aged 12 to 21. Participants indicated their sources of support across three domains: schoolwork, relationships, and future planning. The findings revealed that while nearly 90% of respondents reported having at least one adult mentor, a significant number lacked male mentors. Specifically, 78% of boys had female mentors for schoolwork, compared to only 62% who had male mentors. In terms of relationship advice, 78% turned to women, while only 57% sought help from men.

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The study also identified a strong correlation between household income and access to male mentorship. Boys from families earning less than $50,000 were notably less likely to have male mentors. For instance, only 41% of boys in this income bracket reported having a male mentor for schoolwork, compared to 72% of those from households earning $100,000 or more. This trend extended to relationship guidance, where only 45% of lower-income boys had male mentors, versus 67% of their higher-income peers.

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The lack of male mentors is concerning, particularly given the rising mental health crisis among young men. Suicide rates for males aged 15 to 24 increased by 26% from 2010 to 2023, with men being four times more likely than women to die by suicide. The absence of male role models may exacerbate these issues, as mentorship is linked to improved educational and behavioral outcomes. Engaged male mentors can provide essential support, particularly for boys from single-parent or female-headed households, which are often associated with lower income levels.

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While the study provides valuable insights into the mentorship landscape, it relies on self-reported data, which may not accurately reflect the quality of mentoring relationships. Future research should explore the depth of these interactions and whether the gender of the mentor influences specific behavioral outcomes. Additionally, understanding the barriers that prevent men from volunteering as mentors could inform strategies to enhance male mentorship availability.

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• “One in four boys reported having no adult male to help them navigate their long-term goals.” — Robert Bozick, Researcher

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This report underscores the need for targeted efforts to increase male mentorship opportunities, particularly for boys from disadvantaged backgrounds, to address the widening gap in well-being between young men and women.

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