The Impact of Dog Ownership on Teenagers' Mental Health

Recent research led by Professor Takefumi Kikusui from Azabu University in Japan suggests that owning a dog may positively influence teenagers' mental health. The study, published in the journal *iScience*, analyzed survey results from 343 adolescents participating in the Tokyo Teenager Cohort Study, of which 96 were dog owners. The findings indicate that teenagers who owned dogs at age 13 exhibited significantly lower scores for social problems, social withdrawal, thought problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior by age 14 compared to their non-dog-owning peers.

The Guardian

The researchers also examined the microbial composition in the saliva of the participants. They discovered that certain bacteria, including *Streptococcus* and *Prevotella*, were significantly less abundant in the saliva of non-dog owners. To further investigate, the team transplanted these microbes into mice, which displayed increased social behaviors, such as sniffing unfamiliar mice and approaching trapped cage-mates. This behavior, termed "preconcern" or "empathetic concern," suggests a potential link between the microbiome and social behavior.

The Guardian

While the study highlights the potential role of the microbiome in enhancing social behavior, it does not definitively establish causation. Kikusui noted that it remains unclear whether the differences in microbial composition stem from the dogs themselves or if owning a dog reduces stress, leading to changes in the microbiota. This ambiguity emphasizes the need for further research to clarify the mechanisms at play.

The Guardian

Despite the promising findings, some experts urge caution. Professor Stefan Reber from Ulm University, who was not involved in the study, pointed out that the research only demonstrates a correlation between dog ownership and differences in salivary microbiomes. He emphasized that the exact influence of these microbes on behavior has yet to be determined. Kikusui also acknowledged that not everyone benefits from dog ownership, noting that dogs with behavioral issues can impose stress on their owners.

The Guardian

The study suggests that while having a dog may contribute to improved mental health outcomes for some teenagers, it is not a universal solution. Kikusui remarked that maintaining a diverse microbiome, regardless of dog ownership, could also enhance mental health scores. This perspective opens the door for alternative approaches to mental well-being that do not rely solely on pet ownership.

The Guardian

“It has only been shown that teens with dogs have a different salivary microbiome than teens without dogs,” — Prof. Stefan Reber, Ulm University

The Guardian

“Even without owning a dog, maintaining a diverse microbiome can potentially improve mental health scores,” — Prof. Takefumi Kikusui, Azabu University

The Guardian

“It is known that dogs with many behavioural issues can impose stress on their owners,” — Prof. Takefumi Kikusui, Azabu University

The Guardian