Heglig Oil Field Seized: Implications for Sudan and South Sudan

On December 8, 2025, Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) announced their control over the Heglig oil field, the largest in Sudan, located in the South Kordofan province. This strategic site serves as the primary processing facility for South Sudan's oil exports, which are crucial for the landlocked country's economy. The RSF's takeover followed a series of military advances against the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), marking a significant shift in the ongoing conflict that erupted in April 2023.

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The RSF's capture of Heglig is part of a broader struggle for control over resource-rich territories in Sudan. The RSF has gained ground in Kordofan and Darfur, aided by alliances with local groups such as the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N). The RSF's recent victories, including the capture of el-Fasher, have allowed them to consolidate power and threaten key economic assets, including oil infrastructure vital for both Sudan and South Sudan.

Middle East EyeOil PriceMilitary drone attack on Sudan oil field kills dozens and threatens South Sudan’s economic lifelineAl Jazeera (website)

Heglig is a critical node in the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline, which transports oil from South Sudan to Port Sudan for export. Prior to the conflict, South Sudan's oil production averaged between 100,000 and 150,000 barrels per day. However, ongoing hostilities have severely disrupted these flows, with recent reports indicating a 70% drop in oil exports. The RSF's control over Heglig could further exacerbate South Sudan's economic crisis, as the facility was responsible for processing approximately 130,000 barrels per day.

ReutersOil PriceRSF seizes Sudan's largest oil field amid mounting south conflictMiddle East EyeAl Jazeera (website)Military drone attack on Sudan oil field kills dozens and threatens South Sudan’s economic lifeline

The RSF described the capture of Heglig as a "pivotal point in the liberation of the entire homeland," emphasizing its economic significance. Meanwhile, military sources indicated that SAF forces withdrew to prevent damage to the oil facilities. The South Sudanese government has maintained a stance of neutrality, despite accusations of collusion with the RSF. Analysts suggest that South Sudan's leadership is divided on whether to support the RSF, particularly given the UAE's alleged backing of the paramilitary group.

Sudan’s largest oil field captured by RSF as conflict spreads south

Critics argue that the RSF's actions threaten regional stability and could lead to further humanitarian crises. The ongoing conflict has already resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and displaced over 12 million people. Humanitarian organizations have called for both sides to allow access for aid workers, highlighting the dire situation for civilians caught in the crossfire.

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There are discrepancies regarding the exact number of casualties from the recent drone strike near Heglig, with reports indicating that dozens were killed, including South Sudanese soldiers and RSF fighters. The opaque nature of oil finances complicates assessments of the economic impact on both Sudan and South Sudan, leaving uncertainties about the long-term consequences of the RSF's control over Heglig.

Military drone attack on Sudan oil field kills dozens and threatens South Sudan’s economic lifelineMiddle East EyeReutersThe Defense PostAl Jazeera (website)

As the RSF consolidates its hold on Heglig, analysts predict further military actions aimed at securing additional oil resources and expanding territorial control. The situation remains fluid, with potential implications for both countries' economies and regional stability as the conflict continues to evolve.

Sudan’s largest oil field captured by RSF as conflict spreads south

“The liberation of the Heglig oil region is a pivotal point in the liberation of the entire homeland, given the region's economic importance,” — RSF Statement

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“The processing plant near the field through which South Sudanese oil passes was also shut down,” — Engineer at Heglig

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“I suspect that South Sudanese officials are divided on whether to support the RSF,” — Jihad Mashamoun, Sudanese Analyst

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“South Sudanese television broadcast footage of South Sudanese soldiers with RSF fighters in Heglig, but MEE understands that faced with advancing Rapid Support Forces, the SSPDF had little choice but to facilitate the departure of the Sudanese army and welcome in the RSF.” — Middle East Eye Report

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