Full Breakdown
Conservation Success: The Revival of the Lesser Antillean Iguana on Prickly Pear East Cay
12/18/2025, 10:56:41 PM
Transformation of Prickly Pear East Cay
Prickly Pear East Cay, a previously silent islet in the Caribbean, has been transformed into a thriving sanctuary for the critically endangered Lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima). Nearly a decade ago, the cay had no trace of this species, which is now estimated to have fewer than 20,000 individuals worldwide. In a concerted conservation effort, scientists from Anguilla transported ten iguanas to the predator-free cay, initiating a successful breeding program that has seen the population rise to approximately 300 individuals. Devon Carter, a research officer with the Anguilla National Trust, emphasized the local pride in this achievement, stating, “It’s something that’s ours. We don’t have lions, we don’t have elephants, but what we do have, we need to appreciate.”
Historical Context and Threats
The Lesser Antillean iguana has faced significant threats, particularly from the invasive green iguana (Iguana iguana), which was introduced to the Caribbean in the 1800s. The green iguana's reproductive success and territorial behavior have exacerbated competition for resources, leading to hybridization that jeopardizes the genetic viability of the Lesser Antillean iguana. Isabel Curtis, a conservation officer with the Anguilla National Trust, noted, “If your genetics are diluted, your species as a whole can’t continue.”
Breeding Program and Genetic Diversity
In 2015, scientists initiated a program to capture and relocate Lesser Antillean iguanas to Prickly Pear East. After a year of searching, they captured 23 iguanas, believed to represent nearly the entire population on Anguilla. These iguanas were genetically tested to ensure they were purebred before being released on the cay. The successful breeding of these iguanas has been encouraging, with sightings of nesting and juvenile iguanas reported. To further enhance genetic diversity, scientists have sought additional female iguanas from Dominica, which has the largest remaining population of the species.
Ongoing Conservation Efforts
Despite the success of the breeding program, challenges remain. The introduction of green iguanas in Dominica after Hurricane Maria in 2017 poses a new threat to the Lesser Antillean iguana population there. Conservationists have taken steps to monitor the health of relocated iguanas and ensure they are not hybrids. The captured iguanas are provided with a diet of flowers, pumpkins, and carrots, with some requiring hand-feeding.
Importance of Biodiversity
The revival of the Lesser Antillean iguana on Prickly Pear East Cay serves as a critical reminder of the importance of biodiversity. Curtis highlighted that each species plays a specific role in its ecosystem, underscoring the need for continued conservation efforts. Prickly Pear East remains uninhabited but is accessible to boaters, who can enjoy its natural beauty while supporting the ongoing conservation of its unique wildlife.
Verbatim Quotes
- “Prickly Pear East has become a beacon of hope for these gorgeous lizards and proves that when we give native wildlife the chance, they know what to do,” — Jenny Daltry, Caribbean Alliance Director, Fauna & Flora and Re:wild
- “If your genetics are diluted, your species as a whole can’t continue.” — Isabel Curtis, Conservation Officer, Anguilla National Trust
- “Those are the ones you remember the most,” — Devon Carter, Research Officer, Anguilla National Trust
This conservation initiative exemplifies the potential for successful species recovery through dedicated efforts and community involvement.
