Full Breakdown
India Strengthens Influence Through Strategic Partnerships in Oman, Jordan, and Ethiopia
12/22/2025, 6:38:58 AM
Core Event: India’s Strategic Triangle of Influence
In December 2025, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook a significant diplomatic tour, visiting Oman, Jordan, and Ethiopia, which collectively form a strategic triangle linking the Gulf, West Asia, and Africa. This tour aimed to enhance India's economic, political, and cultural ties with these nations, reflecting a broader strategy to bolster India's influence in the Global South.
Key Agreements and Economic Impact
During his visit to Oman from December 17-18, Modi and Sultan Haitham bin Tarik signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), marking Oman’s first bilateral trade pact since 2006. The CEPA allows zero-duty access on 98.08% of Oman’s tariff lines, benefiting sectors such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles. India currently exports approximately $4.1 billion annually to Oman, with remittances from the country reaching around $2 billion per year.
In Jordan, Modi's visit on December 15-16 was notable as it was the first by an Indian prime minister in 37 years. The two nations set a bilateral trade target of $5 billion over the next five years, with India being Jordan's third-largest trading partner. Key agreements included cooperation in defense and cultural exchange, alongside significant investments in Jordan's Qualified Industrial Zones.
Ethiopia, visited from December 16-17, was elevated to a Strategic Partnership during Modi's trip. India has invested over $6.5 billion in Ethiopia, creating more than 75,000 local jobs. The bilateral trade, although modest at $550.19 million for FY 2024-25, is heavily export-driven in favor of India.
Criticism & Opposition
Despite the positive outlook, some analysts caution that the size of Oman’s domestic market may temper growth prospects for Indian exporters. Additionally, while India seeks to diversify its trade relationships, the ongoing tariffs imposed by the United States pose challenges to its export strategies.
Official Statements & Responses
Modi emphasized the importance of unity among nations of the Global South, stating, “When hearts are united, even mountains give way. Indeed, solidarity is strength, and cooperation is power.” This sentiment underscores India's approach to fostering partnerships that extend beyond mere economic transactions.
Why It Matters: Broader Implications
India's engagement with Oman, Jordan, and Ethiopia is part of a larger strategy to enhance its geopolitical influence and economic footprint in regions often treated separately. As Africa accounts for 28% of the UN General Assembly, strengthening ties with African nations is crucial for India’s ambitions in global governance and trade expansion.
What's Next: Future Prospects
Looking ahead, India aims to deepen its relationships with these nations through structured dialogues and joint initiatives in various sectors, including trade, defense, and technology. The ongoing negotiations for additional free trade agreements with other countries further illustrate India's commitment to diversifying its economic partnerships.
Verbatim Quotes
- “I am told that there is a saying in Ethiopia: when spider webs unite, they can tie up a lion.” — Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India
- “Africa is central to India’s Global South strategy as a strategic partner in development, energy and resource security, trade expansion, and multilateral cooperation.” — Manish Singhal, Secretary General of ASSOCHAM
Through this diplomatic initiative, India is not only enhancing its trade relationships but also positioning itself as a key player in shaping the future of international cooperation and economic resilience.
