Back to today’s briefing

Story perspectives

Iran's Executions Surge to 1,922 Amid Conflict

12/28/2025

46 5 Full Breakdown

Summary

Story summary

In 2025, Iran's executions reached at least 1,922, surpassing the prior year's total by more than double.
HRANA reports the increase followed a 12-day conflict with Israel, during which many were executed for espionage.
Most executions were for murder or drug offenses, with 95% not officially announced and notable disparities in Alborz province.
At least two individuals were executed while under 18, violating international law, drawing UN concern.

History

Historical Context

In July 1988, Ayatollah Khomeini ordered the execution of thousands of political prisoners in Iran, primarily targeting members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran. Estimates of those killed range from 2,800 to 30,000, marking one of the largest political purges in Iranian history. This brutal crackdown set a precedent for ongoing state-sanctioned executions, with Iran recording 1,922 executions in 2025.

1 of 2

Story summary

In 2025, Iran's executions reached at least 1,922, surpassing the prior year's total by more than double.
HRANA reports the increase followed a 12-day conflict with Israel, during which many were executed for espionage.
Most executions were for murder or drug offenses, with 95% not officially announced and notable disparities in Alborz province.
At least two individuals were executed while under 18, violating international law, drawing UN concern.

1 / 2