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Neanderthal DNA: Ancient Genes Shape Modern Health

1/3/2026

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Story summary
  • Neanderthal DNA makes up about 2% of the genomes of people outside Africa, reflecting ancient interbreeding.
  • Some Neanderthal gene variants aid immune function and adaptation to environments.
  • Other Neanderthal DNA variants may contribute to health issues such as autoimmune diseases and mood disorders.
  • Neanderthal gene variants influence skin color and risk of sunburn in modern humans.
  • Researchers use genomic technologies to understand these ancient genetic influences and their health implications.