Rising Ethno-Nationalism and the Concept of British Identity

Recent research indicates a significant shift in public perceptions of what it means to be British, with an increasing number of individuals believing that "Britishness" is something one is born into rather than a matter of shared values. This trend raises concerns about the rise of ethno-nationalism in Britain.

The Guardian

According to a YouGov poll conducted for the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), the proportion of people who believe that one must be born in Britain to be considered truly British has nearly doubled from 19% in 2023 to 36% in 2025. Notably, supporters of Nigel Farage’s Reform UK party exhibit the most extreme views, with 71% asserting that British ancestry is essential for true British identity. Additionally, 59% of these supporters view the nation as an ethnic community rather than a civic one.

The GuardianThe Guardian

The findings have sparked criticism from various quarters, highlighting a worrying trend towards ethno-nationalism. Prime Minister Keir Starmer has emphasized the need to combat these views, stating, “If you say or imply that people cannot be English or British because of the colour of their skin... we will fight you with everything we have.” This sentiment reflects a broader concern that hard-right narratives are reshaping public conceptions of national identity.

The Guardian

In response to the rising tide of ethno-nationalism, Shabana Mahmood, the Home Secretary, reaffirmed Britain’s identity as a "multifaith, multi-ethnic country" that allows individuals to live freely while adhering to common rules. Meanwhile, Kemi Badenoch, the Conservative Party leader, faced backlash for endorsing mass deportations, which critics argue would undermine the multicultural fabric of British society.

The Guardian

The increasing belief that British identity is tied to ethnicity poses significant implications for social cohesion and national unity. The IPPR has called for a renewed vision of British identity that emphasizes shared values over ethnic background. Nick Garland, an associate fellow at IPPR, stressed the importance of articulating a compelling narrative that promotes inclusivity and counters divisive ideologies.

The Guardian

While the IPPR's findings indicate a shift towards ethno-nationalism, a majority of supporters from major political parties, excluding Reform UK, still advocate for a civic understanding of Britishness based on shared values. This divergence highlights the ongoing debate about national identity in Britain and the need for a unified response to counteract rising ethno-nationalist sentiments.

The Guardian

As the political landscape evolves, the challenge remains for leaders to address the concerns surrounding national identity and to foster a narrative that embraces diversity while promoting unity. The upcoming discussions and policies will be crucial in shaping the future of British identity in a rapidly changing society.

The Guardian