Philippines Raises Alert Level at Mayon Volcano

On January 6, 2026, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) raised the alert level for Mayon Volcano in Albay province to Level 3 on a five-level scale. This decision was made due to indications of "potential explosive activity" in the coming days or weeks, as magma is pushing up and forming a lava dome at the summit. Residents within a 6-kilometer danger zone have been advised to evacuate due to risks such as lava flows, falling rocks, and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs).

RapplerUsNews and World ReportThe Straits Times

Since January 1, 2026, Phivolcs has recorded 364 rockfall incidents and four volcanic earthquakes. This marks an increase in volcanic activity compared to the previous months, where 599 rockfalls were documented in November and December 2025. The current volcanic activity includes the ongoing extrusion of shallow degassed magma, which is characterized as an effusive magmatic eruption. This type of eruption is primarily marked by the outpouring of lava rather than explosive fragmentation.

RapplerUsNews and World ReportThe Straits Times

Mayon Volcano is known as the most active volcano in the Philippines, having erupted over 50 times in the last four centuries. Its last significant eruption occurred in June 2023, which involved the emission of lava and noxious gases. The most catastrophic eruption in its history took place in February 1841, resulting in the burial of an entire town and the death of approximately 1,200 people. The Philippines is situated on the "Ring of Fire," a region known for its high volcanic and seismic activity.

The Straits TimesUsNews and World ReportRappler

Phivolcs has urged civil aviation authorities to advise pilots to avoid flying near Mayon's summit due to the potential hazards posed by volcanic ash. The agency's bulletin emphasized the increased likelihood of hazardous eruptions, recommending evacuation within the established danger zone to mitigate risks from PDCs, lava flows, and rockfalls.

UsNews and World Report

While the current alert level reflects the heightened volcanic activity, some local residents have expressed concerns regarding the adequacy of evacuation plans and the potential impact on their livelihoods. The need for timely and effective communication from authorities has been highlighted as crucial in ensuring public safety.

Rappler

• “Mayon is exhibiting magmatic eruption of a summit lava dome, with increased chances of lava flows and hazardous PDCs or uson affecting the upper to middle slopes of the volcano, and of potential explosive activity within days or weeks,” — Phivolcs Bulletin

Rappler

• “The volume of discrete rockfall, with observed incandescence at nighttime, increased yesterday (Monday, January 5), signaling an increase in the rate of dome growth and the onset of extrusion of new lava at the crater,” — Phivolcs

Rappler

As the situation develops, Phivolcs will continue to monitor Mayon Volcano closely and provide updates on any changes in volcanic activity or alert levels. The agency's ongoing assessments will be critical in guiding evacuation efforts and ensuring public safety in the surrounding areas.

The Straits Times