Advancements in Quantum Structured Light: Transforming Communication and Computing

An international research team, including scientists from the University of the Witwatersrand (UAB), has published a comprehensive review in *Nature Photonics* that explores the rapidly evolving field of quantum structured light. This innovative approach merges quantum information science with engineered patterns of light, enabling photons to carry significantly more information than previously possible. By controlling multiple properties of light—such as polarization, spatial modes, and frequency—researchers can create high-dimensional quantum states, known as qudits, which surpass the capabilities of traditional qubits.

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The implications of quantum structured light are profound. In quantum communication, high-dimensional photons enhance security by allowing more information to be packed into each light particle. This advancement facilitates the simultaneous operation of multiple communication channels while improving error tolerance and resistance to background noise. In quantum computing, structured light simplifies circuit designs and accelerates processing, enabling the creation of complex quantum states essential for advanced simulations.

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Beyond communication and computing, quantum structured light is advancing imaging and measurement techniques. Notable developments include the holographic quantum microscope, which provides high-resolution images of delicate biological samples, and ultra-sensitive sensors that utilize quantum correlations. These innovations not only enhance scientific understanding but also pave the way for discovering new materials by simulating complex quantum systems.

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Professor Andrew Forbes, the corresponding author from UAB, notes that the field has seen significant evolution over the past two decades. "The tailoring of quantum states, where quantum light is engineered for a particular purpose, has gathered pace of late," he states. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the limited distance reach of structured light, which presents both obstacles and opportunities for further exploration.

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Researcher Adam Vallés from the UAB Department of Physics highlights the critical moment the field is experiencing, asserting that quantum structured light has transitioned from a scientific curiosity to a transformative tool in communication, computing, and image processing. Vallés credits UAB's significant contributions to this progress, including advancements in stimulated teleportation of quantum information and the design of laser cavities for generating complex states. This collaborative effort is supported by the Catalonia Quantum Academy (CQA), which aims to bolster education and talent development in quantum sciences across the region.

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The review article, featured as the cover story in the November 2025 issue of *Nature Photonics*, underscores the importance of international collaboration in advancing quantum structured light. As researchers continue to overcome existing challenges, the potential applications of this technology promise to reshape various scientific and technological landscapes.

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• "We are at a turning point: quantum structured light is no longer just a scientific curiosity, but a tool with real potential to transform communication, computing and image processing." — Adam Vallés, Researcher, UAB Department of Physics

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• "The tailoring of quantum states... has gathered pace of late, finally starting to show its full potential." — Andrew Forbes, Professor, University of the Witwatersrand

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