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ADHD Medications Boost Alertness, Not Attention, Study Reveals

1/11/2026

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Summary

Story summary

Washington University School of Medicine researchers report that ADHD medications like Ritalin and Adderall mainly activate reward and wakefulness centers rather than attention circuits.
The study analyzed brain scans from nearly 5,800 children and found these drugs increase alertness and interest in tasks.
Guidelines recommend a tiered approach—education and support, then psychotherapy—with medication for moderate to severe cases, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and guanfacine.

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Story summary

Washington University School of Medicine researchers report that ADHD medications like Ritalin and Adderall mainly activate reward and wakefulness centers rather than attention circuits.
The study analyzed brain scans from nearly 5,800 children and found these drugs increase alertness and interest in tasks.
Guidelines recommend a tiered approach—education and support, then psychotherapy—with medication for moderate to severe cases, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and guanfacine.