Full Breakdown
Impact of Russian Wolves on Finnish Reindeer Herding Amid Ukraine Conflict
1/25/2026, 3:00:34 AM
Rising Threat to Reindeer Herding
Since the onset of the Ukraine conflict in 2022, Finnish reindeer herders have reported a significant increase in wolf attacks on their herds. Juha Kujala, a herder near the Finnish-Russian border, has noted a troubling trend, stating that his reindeer are increasingly vulnerable to predation. In 2025, a record 2,124 reindeer were killed by wolves, according to the Reindeer Herders’ Association of Finland. Kujala attributes this surge to an influx of wolves from Russia, suggesting that the war has disrupted traditional hunting practices and allowed wolf populations to expand unchecked.
Historical Context of Wolf Populations
Historically, the wolf was a protected species in the European Union, nearly hunted to extinction in many areas. However, the population has rebounded significantly, nearly doubling from 11,193 in 2012 to 20,300 in 2023. This resurgence has led some EU countries to consider culling measures. In response to the increasing wolf population and the associated threats to livestock, Finland lifted its ban on wolf hunting in early 2026, implementing a quota system to manage their numbers.
Scientific Perspectives on Population Dynamics
Ilpo Kojola, a wolf specialist with Finland’s Natural Resources Institute, indicates that the war in Ukraine may have contributed to the rise in wolf numbers. He notes that hunting restrictions in Russia could have allowed wolf populations to grow rapidly, similar to historical patterns observed during World War II and the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, he emphasizes that definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, as other factors may also be influencing the situation.
Mia Valtonen, also from the Natural Resources Institute, highlights the uncertainty surrounding the origins of the wolves involved in the attacks. Genetic testing has shown that many wolves culled in Finland do not appear to be native to the country, but a comprehensive genetic record has yet to be established.
Local Responses and Concerns
Despite scientific caution regarding the origins of the wolves, Kujala and other herders are calling for more robust protections for their herds. Kujala emphasizes the need for balance, stating, “We do not hate the wolves but we need balance.” He argues that the traditional herding lifestyle, which has persisted for centuries, is under threat due to the increasing predation.
Conflicting Reports & Gaps
While herders assert that Russian wolves are primarily responsible for the increase in attacks, Finnish authorities maintain that definitive evidence linking the attacks to Russian wolf populations is lacking. The complexity of the situation is compounded by the challenges in tracking wolf movements across the border and the lack of a complete genetic database for the wolf population in the region.
Verbatim Quotes
- “The last year has been the worst ever for wolf attacks in this area. The reindeer are an easy catch for them,” — Juha Kujala, Reindeer Herder
- “We need them healthy and strong. This is our life, it’s our job, it’s how we live. It’s been like this for hundreds of years.” — Juha Kujala, Reindeer Herder
- “It’s impossible to protect them all the time.” — Juha Kujala, Reindeer Herder
- “But the increase in attacks is close timing with the war in Ukraine,” he says.” — Ilpo Kojola, Wolf Specialist
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine continues to have unforeseen consequences, impacting not only geopolitical dynamics but also the delicate balance of wildlife and traditional livelihoods in Finland.
