Life Under M23 Control: One Year After Goma's Capture

In January 2025, the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) fell to the M23 rebel group after intense fighting. This event marked a significant escalation in a long-standing conflict characterized by armed groups, ethnic tensions, and the struggle for valuable resources. The M23 rebellion, which had previously been defeated in 2012, regained strength in 2021, with accusations from the Congolese government that neighboring Rwanda supported the group—a claim Kigali denies, despite evidence from independent observers like the United Nations.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

The capture of Goma led to widespread chaos. The International Committee of the Red Cross reported at least 3,000 deaths, alongside numerous incidents of sexual violence and increased insecurity following the escape of prisoners from Munzenze prison. Residents faced severe shortages of water, electricity, and internet access, effectively isolating Goma from the outside world. Eyewitness accounts describe streets filled with bodies and the constant sound of gunfire, as families were trapped in their homes, struggling to survive.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

The humanitarian crisis deepened as over 110,000 people fled Goma, with many seeking refuge in camps like Bulengo. Survivors recounted harrowing experiences, such as being separated from loved ones and enduring violence. Grace Kubuya, a motorcycle taxi driver, was injured by a stray bullet during the conflict, highlighting the physical toll on civilians. The psychological impact remains profound, with many residents grappling with anxiety and trauma.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

One year after the M23 takeover, Goma is no longer in a state of open war, with markets reopening and children returning to school. However, the economic situation remains dire, as many jobs have vanished, and the city continues to operate under rebel control. Local initiatives have emerged to address the psychological scars left by the conflict. The Balabala Arts Academy, for example, offers street performances that serve as a form of "street therapy," allowing residents to express their pain and find moments of joy amidst ongoing uncertainty.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

Local leaders and humanitarian organizations have acknowledged the complex situation in Goma. They emphasize the need for continued support to help residents cope with the aftermath of violence and rebuild their lives. The Balabala Arts Academy's founder, Bienco Matrix, articulated the connection between art and healing, stating, "Our performances here on the street are like medicine."

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

Despite the improvements in security, critics argue that the underlying issues of governance and economic instability remain unaddressed. Many residents feel that the international community's response has been inadequate, leaving them to navigate their recovery largely on their own.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

• "No one expected it. There were always a lot of troops here... And then suddenly everything came to a standstill." — S'afi Elisee, Goma Resident

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

• "The situation was extremely complex. Even in the detention center, there were cases of sexual violence before the prisoners fled." — Mwende Kanane, Humanitarian Aid Worker

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

• "Everything I do, I do with a lot of energy — to express my feelings: my anger, my pain." — Souzie Mwisha, Dancer, Balabala Arts Academy

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence

As Goma continues to recover from the trauma of the M23 takeover, the resilience of its residents and the emergence of community initiatives provide a glimmer of hope in an otherwise challenging environment.

Goma under rebel control: Life in the shadow of violence