The Rise of Right-Wing Security Policies in Latin America

In recent elections across Latin America, a notable trend has emerged: right-wing candidates are leveraging escalating violence and insecurity to gain political power. This shift is exemplified by Laura Fernández's recent victory in Costa Rica, where her campaign focused on combating crime through militarization and the expansion of executive powers, mirroring strategies seen in neighboring countries like El Salvador and Ecuador.

Right-wing turns crisis of violence into power agenda in Latin America

Laura Fernández, elected on February 1, 2026, secured 48.3% of the vote, significantly outpacing her opponent, Álvaro Ramos of the National Liberation Party, who garnered approximately 34%. Her Pueblo Soberano Party (PPSO) now holds a commanding majority in the Legislative Assembly, increasing its seats from eight to 31. Fernández's campaign emphasized a tough stance on crime, inspired by the "Bukele model" from El Salvador, which has been characterized by the suspension of constitutional guarantees and mass arrests to combat gang violence.

Right-wing turns crisis of violence into power agenda in Latin America

Nayib Bukele's administration in El Salvador has set a precedent for this approach, implementing a state of emergency that has led to over 70,000 arrests since 2022. While this strategy has reportedly reduced homicide rates, it has also raised significant human rights concerns, including arbitrary detentions and the erosion of judicial independence. Critics, including organizations like Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, argue that such measures compromise democratic institutions and civil liberties.

Right-wing turns crisis of violence into power agenda in Latin America

In Ecuador, President Daniel Noboa has similarly declared an "internal armed conflict," allowing military involvement in public security operations. This militarization reflects a broader regional trend where public security becomes a central organizing principle of governance, often at the expense of democratic norms.

Right-wing turns crisis of violence into power agenda in Latin America

Ecuador has experienced a dramatic increase in violence, transforming from a relatively safe country to one with the highest homicide rate in Latin America. In 2025, the country recorded over 9,200 intentional homicides, marking a 30% increase from the previous year. This surge is attributed to the entrenchment of organized crime, exacerbated by policy failures and a lack of effective governance. The violence has permeated all levels of society, affecting marginalized communities disproportionately, with children and adolescents often caught in the crossfire.

How and Why Ecuador Became the Most Dangerous Country in Latin America

While proponents argue that militarization is necessary to restore order, critics warn that such measures risk normalizing violence and undermining the rule of law. The reliance on military solutions without addressing the root causes of crime—such as poverty, inequality, and lack of social services—could lead to a cycle of violence and state erosion. Analysts caution that without comprehensive reforms and a focus on social inclusion, countries like Ecuador may edge closer to becoming narco-states, where organized crime infiltrates state institutions.

How and Why Ecuador Became the Most Dangerous Country in Latin America

In response to the escalating violence, Fernández has stated her intent to "remove criminals from circulation," advocating for institutional reforms to enhance the justice system. Meanwhile, Noboa's government has extended emergency measures, acknowledging the persistent crisis while facing criticism for lacking a clear strategy for long-term stability.

How and Why Ecuador Became the Most Dangerous Country in Latin America

The rise of right-wing security policies in Latin America, driven by public fears of violence, poses significant challenges for democratic governance. As leaders like Laura Fernández and Daniel Noboa adopt militarized approaches, the balance between security and civil liberties remains precarious. The future trajectory of these nations will depend on their ability to implement effective, inclusive policies that address the underlying issues of violence while preserving democratic institutions.

Right-wing turns crisis of violence into power agenda in Latin America