Indonesia and Australia Formalize Security Treaty

On February 6, 2026, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a significant security treaty in Jakarta, aimed at enhancing cooperation between the two nations. The treaty commits both countries to consult each other in the event of threats and to consider joint responses. Albanese characterized the agreement as a "watershed moment" in the bilateral relationship, emphasizing its role in strengthening security and defense cooperation. The treaty builds upon a previous 1995 security agreement, which was terminated in 1999 following Australia's involvement in East Timor.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with IndonesiaIndonesia Signs Security Pact With AustraliaAlbanese arrives in Jakarta to sign major security treaty with IndonesiaThe placebo risk to the Australia–Indonesia “common security” treaty

The treaty comes amid a backdrop of evolving geopolitical dynamics in Southeast Asia. Indonesia's foreign policy has been characterized by non-alignment, allowing it to engage with various global powers, including Russia and China. Analysts have noted that Indonesia's recent actions, such as joining BRICS and participating in the US-backed "Board of Peace," reflect a complex foreign policy landscape that may complicate the treaty's implementation.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with Indonesia

While the treaty has been hailed as a significant step forward, some analysts express skepticism regarding its practical implications. Greg Fealy, an emeritus professor of Indonesian politics, cautioned against overestimating the treaty's potential benefits, particularly in the context of regional military operations. Susannah Patton from the Lowy Institute echoed this sentiment, stating that while the treaty signifies strong relations, it does not necessarily indicate a shift in Indonesia's foreign policy direction.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with Indonesia

Prime Minister Albanese stated, "This treaty is a proud moment in the shared history of Australia and Indonesia," highlighting its importance in shaping a secure future for both nations. Foreign Minister Penny Wong described the treaty as a demonstration of mutual respect and a crucial step in strengthening the partnership over the past 30 years. Conversely, some critics argue that the treaty does not entail mutual commitments to each other's security, as Indonesia remains cautious about formal defense alliances.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with Indonesia

Critics have raised concerns about the treaty's vagueness regarding specific joint security threats. The lack of clarity on what constitutes a threat and how the nations will respond has led to apprehensions about the treaty's effectiveness. Additionally, President Prabowo faces domestic criticism for perceived deviations from Indonesia's non-aligned stance, which could complicate the treaty's acceptance among the Indonesian populace.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with Indonesia

As the treaty unfolds, discussions are expected to focus on economic and trade ties, which are crucial for Indonesia's growing economy. The leaders will likely address the ongoing conflict between Indonesia's armed forces and separatist groups in West Papua, which remains a pressing security concern.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signs security treaty with IndonesiaIndonesia Signs Security Pact With AustraliaAlbanese arrives in Jakarta to sign major security treaty with IndonesiaThe placebo risk to the Australia–Indonesia “common security” treaty

• "This agreement signals that Australia and Indonesia's relationship is stronger than it has ever been." — Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia

Albanese arrives in Jakarta to sign major security treaty with Indonesia

• "To Indonesia, this reflects our full commitment to the good neighbour principles and our free and active foreign policy." — Prabowo Subianto, President of Indonesia

Indonesia Signs Security Pact With Australia

• "In these uncertain times, this is a demonstration of the importance we place on our relationship and the respect we have for each other." — Penny Wong, Foreign Minister of Australia

Albanese arrives in Jakarta to sign major security treaty with Indonesia