Story perspectives

Iran's Internet Shutdown Sparks Black Market for VPNs

2/6/2026

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Summary

Story summary

Mass protests in Iran in late December 2025 triggered a government crackdown including a nationwide internet shutdown justified as a security measure.
The shutdown involved extensive control of digital infrastructure, including interference with satellite internet services such as Starlink.
A black market for VPNs has emerged to bypass restrictions.
The regime's selective access to international platforms creates a digital caste system, widening the gap between state and citizens.

History

Historical Context

Iran's internet censorship intensified during the 2019 protests, when the government imposed a near-total blackout, reducing connectivity to just 5% of normal levels. This tactic aimed to suppress dissent and conceal human rights violations, resulting in an estimated $1 billion in economic damages. The pattern continued in December 2025, reflecting a persistent struggle for digital rights amid ongoing state control over information.

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Story summary

Mass protests in Iran in late December 2025 triggered a government crackdown including a nationwide internet shutdown justified as a security measure.
The shutdown involved extensive control of digital infrastructure, including interference with satellite internet services such as Starlink.
A black market for VPNs has emerged to bypass restrictions.
The regime's selective access to international platforms creates a digital caste system, widening the gap between state and citizens.

1 / 2