Prolonged Border Closures Disrupt Trade Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

The closure of the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, which began in mid-October 2025, has resulted in a significant halt to trade between the two countries, affecting thousands of drivers and businesses. Afghan truck driver Anwar Zadran, stranded at the Torkham border crossing for over three months, exemplifies the plight of many who are unable to transport goods, including essential supplies like cement, to Afghanistan's capital, Kabul. This closure marks the longest disruption in recent decades, with no clear resolution in sight.

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The border closure stems from escalating tensions and violence between the two nations, particularly related to militant groups operating along the border. Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif stated that the closure was a necessary response to the Taliban's inability to control these groups, which have increasingly targeted Pakistan. Conversely, the Taliban government has accused Pakistan of using the border closure as a means of exerting economic and political pressure.

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The closure has paralyzed a crucial transit route, leading to substantial economic losses. Business leaders in Peshawar, such as Shahid Hussain, have reported losses of around $400,000 due to damaged and expired goods. The joint committee formed by business leaders from both countries has attempted to find alternative trade routes, including through China and Iran, but these options face significant logistical and political challenges.

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Afghanistan's commerce ministry reported a decline of approximately $300 million in exports to Pakistan since the border closures began. Additionally, the Taliban has imposed a ban on Pakistani pharmaceuticals, which could further exacerbate the situation, as Afghanistan relies on Pakistan for over 60% of its medical supplies.

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The border closures have not only impacted trade but also raised humanitarian concerns. Aslam Pervez, a shop owner in Peshawar, highlighted the potential consequences for Afghan patients who depend on medicines that are now difficult to obtain. The situation is dire for both sides, with local markets in Pakistan experiencing a downturn due to the loss of Afghan customers.

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In response to the ongoing crisis, both governments have engaged in peace talks, but these have yet to yield a resolution. The business community has expressed frustration over the lack of leverage in negotiations, with Jawad Hussain Kazmi, president of the Khyber Chamber of Commerce and Industry, emphasizing that security issues remain the primary focus of their governments.

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While the Taliban has sought to diversify trade routes, including potential cooperation with India through the Iranian port of Chabahar, the effectiveness of these efforts remains uncertain. Additionally, there are discrepancies in reported trade figures, as Pakistan's commerce ministry has not provided updated statistics, leaving a gap in understanding the full economic impact of the border closures.

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• “The people are destroyed and the goods are damaged as well,” — Anwar Zadran, Afghan Truck Driver

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• “And what other activity should we do?” — Shahid Hussain, Trader

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• “From both sides, it's the people who are going to be the losers,” — Aslam Pervez, Shop Owner

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The prolonged closure of the Pakistan-Afghanistan border continues to have severe repercussions for trade, economies, and the daily lives of individuals on both sides, highlighting the urgent need for a diplomatic resolution.

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