Xi Jinping's Military Purges: A Shift in China's Armed Forces

On February 11, 2026, Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the military, highlighting the strength gained in the fight against corruption, while making a rare public reference to recent high-profile purges within the People's Liberation Army (PLA). This purge has seen the removal of key military leaders, including the two highest-ranking generals, He Weidong and Zhang Youxia, marking one of the most significant military leadership changes in decades.

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The Central Military Commission (CMC), which previously comprised seven members, has been drastically reduced to just two: Xi himself and newly appointed vice-chairman Zhang Shengmin. The recent disciplinary actions against He Weidong, expelled in October 2025, and Zhang Youxia, placed under investigation in January 2026, have left the CMC with three vacant positions. Additionally, other commanders, including leaders of China's nuclear deterrence forces, have also been purged, indicating a broader campaign against perceived corruption and disloyalty.

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Despite the significant leadership changes, analysts express differing views on the impact of these purges on the PLA's operational effectiveness. Some, like Glenn, argue that the military remains vast and well-funded, with years of investment in modernization and training that continue to enhance its capabilities. Conversely, Atul warns that the purges create uncertainty and disrupt promotion pathways, potentially undermining the professionalism and decision-making abilities of the remaining officers. The absence of experienced leaders, particularly combat veterans like Zhang Youxia, raises concerns about the PLA's readiness for modern warfare.

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Critics of Xi's purges suggest that the removal of senior officers reflects a growing paranoia within the Chinese leadership. The historical significance of Zhang Youxia's dismissal, given his lineage and combat experience, signals a shift in the balance of power within the military. Analysts liken Xi's consolidation of control to Stalin's purges of the Red Army, suggesting that loyalty to Xi has become the primary criterion for survival within the PLA. This environment of fear and conformity may compromise the military's effectiveness, as lower-ranking officers become suspect by association with purged leaders.

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In his address, Xi praised the rank and file of the military, describing them as "trustworthy" and commending their loyalty to the party. He emphasized the need for the PLA to deepen its political education and effectively address various risks and challenges. However, the broader implications of the purges remain a topic of debate among military analysts, with concerns about the potential weakening of command structures and operational readiness.

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While some sources highlight the PLA's continued modernization and capability, others emphasize the detrimental effects of repeated purges on institutional confidence and leadership effectiveness. The lack of consensus on the immediate impact of these changes underscores the complexity of the situation within China's military hierarchy.

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As Xi Jinping consolidates power within the military, the long-term consequences of these purges remain uncertain. The PLA's ability to maintain operational effectiveness amidst a politicized environment will be critical, particularly as tensions with Taiwan persist. The evolving dynamics within the Chinese military may have significant implications for regional stability and security in the coming years.

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