The Impact of War on Ukraine's Birthrate and Family Life

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, which began with Russia's invasion in 2022, has significantly affected the country's demographic landscape. As of 2026, Ukraine faces one of the lowest birthrates globally, with approximately one birth for every three deaths. The war has not only led to a staggering decline in births but has also transformed the lives of families attempting to navigate life amid conflict.

The Leleka maternity hospital in Pushcha-Vodytsia, once a frontline medical facility, now serves as a symbol of resilience amidst the war. In 2020, the hospital recorded 2,300 deliveries, but this number plummeted to 868 in 2022 and slightly increased to 952 in 2023. Dr. Valerii Zukin, the hospital's chief executive, expressed concern over the declining birthrate, stating, “It’s very sad for me.” The demographic crisis is compounded by the war's toll, which has resulted in an estimated population drop from 41 million to between 30 million and 32 million, excluding those living under Russian occupation.

Ukrainian families are adapting to the harsh realities of war. Valeriia Ivashchenko, a mother who gave birth during the conflict, described the challenges of raising children amid constant threats, including air-raid sirens and drone attacks. She emphasized the importance of building a life in Ukraine, stating, “War means you can only plan for the short or medium term.” Ivanna Didur, another mother, views having children during wartime as a “patriotic act,” reinforcing her commitment to raising her family in Ukraine despite the dangers.

In response to the declining birthrate, the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine’s parliament, has implemented measures to encourage childbirth. In January 2026, it increased a one-off payment to new mothers to 50,000 hryvnia (£858) and introduced a monthly subsidy of 7,000 hryvnia for unemployed pregnant women. These initiatives aim to alleviate some of the financial burdens faced by families during the ongoing conflict.

The future of Ukraine's demographic landscape remains uncertain. Experts predict that if the low birthrate continues, the population could dwindle to just 25 million by 2050. However, some, like Dr. Kyrylo Ventskivsky, remain optimistic, believing that societal changes and potential peace could lead to a return of refugees and a revitalization of the country. Ivashchenko articulated a broader perspective, asserting that the outcome of the war will shape not only Ukraine's future but also that of Europe, stating, “I think this is an attack on the whole liberal democratic system and on western values.”

• “When the invasion began, I didn’t have a kid. I want to continue to build our life here. War means you can only plan for the short or medium term.” — Valeriia Ivashchenko, Mother

• “very sad for me” — Dr. Valerii Zukin, Chief Executive, Leleka Maternity Hospital

• “I feel I owe it to people on the frontline to stay, raise kids and tell them about Ukraine,” — Ivanna Didur, Mother

• “The invasion was a dumb thing to do. They are blinded by their own propaganda and lies,” — Valeriia Ivashchenko, Mother

The ongoing war in Ukraine continues to reshape family dynamics and birthrates, presenting significant challenges and prompting government interventions aimed at preserving the nation's future.