India and Israel: A New Era of Defense Cooperation

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's recent visit to Israel on February 25, 2026, marks a significant shift in India's foreign policy, particularly regarding its historical stance on the Israel-Palestine conflict. During this visit, Modi signed a comprehensive defense cooperation agreement and delivered a speech to the Knesset, Israel's parliament. This alignment with Israel is notable given India's previous support for the Palestinian cause and its historical skepticism towards Zionism.

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Initially, India and Israel appeared to be on divergent paths. Following the violent partition with Pakistan, India sought to establish itself as a secular democracy, while Israel emerged as a Jewish state, leading to a long-standing Indian sympathy for Palestinian refugees. India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, advocated for a secular state where Jewish minorities would be protected, reflecting India's commitment to pluralism. However, since Modi's rise to power in 2014, this dynamic has shifted dramatically, with Modi fostering closer ties with Israel, particularly in the context of counterterrorism.

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The ideological affinity between Modi and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is evident, as both leaders embrace ethno-nationalism. Modi's Hindutva ideology parallels Netanyahu's hardline Zionism, with both leaders viewing their nations in terms of ethnic identity and expressing hostility towards Muslims. Following the escalation of violence in Gaza after October 7, 2023, Modi's government has increasingly aligned itself with Israel, abstaining from UN votes and deepening military and economic ties. Currently, India accounts for approximately 46% of all foreign purchases of Israeli arms, underscoring the growing military collaboration.

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Critics argue that India's alignment with Israel contradicts its historical role as a supporter of Palestinian rights. Scholars like Christophe Jaffrelot highlight that Modi's government has effectively abandoned its previous neutrality, siding with Israel amid rising civilian casualties in Gaza. This shift raises concerns about the implications for India's secular identity and its commitment to human rights.

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The burgeoning partnership between India and Israel reflects a broader trend of nationalist movements collaborating across borders, united by shared ideologies and mutual interests. This "nationalist international" suggests a future where countries prioritize strategic alliances over human rights considerations. As Modi and Netanyahu strengthen their ties, the implications extend beyond their nations, potentially influencing global political dynamics and the treatment of minority populations.

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• “India has long been a leader in the Palestinian cause,” — Christophe Jaffrelot, India Expert

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• “After October 7, 2023, leaders of the Hindutva movement — including ministers and members of parliament — expressed their unreserved solidarity with Israel, denouncing not only terrorists but Muslims in general,” — Christophe Jaffrelot, India Expert

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The evolving relationship between India and Israel signifies a pivotal moment in international relations, challenging established norms and raising questions about the future of democracy and human rights in both nations.

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