Full Breakdown
California's Single-Stair Reform: A Controversial Proposal for Mid-Rise Housing
3/4/2026, 3:59:18 AM
Overview of the Single-Stair Debate
California's fire safety regulator, the Office of the State Fire Marshal, recently released a report evaluating the potential legalization of mid-rise apartment buildings with a single staircase. This report, published two months past a statutory deadline, highlights a growing conflict between pro-housing advocates and firefighting professionals regarding the implications of “single-stair reform” on urban housing development. Currently, California mandates that apartment buildings exceeding three stories must have at least two staircases to ensure safety during emergencies.
Key Findings of the Report
The report expresses skepticism about the single-stair concept, emphasizing that while modern safety measures like automatic sprinklers and smoke detectors mitigate risks, they do not replace the safety provided by two independent stairways. It recommends that if lawmakers proceed with single-stair legislation, buildings should be limited to four stories and subject to additional safety regulations. The report also notes that the inclusion of a second staircase can increase construction costs by 7.5% to 12%.
Legislative Responses and Future Directions
Democratic Assemblymember Alex Lee, who authored a 2023 bill mandating the report, is reviewing its findings. He has expressed support for revising building codes to facilitate housing development, stating, “Stairway requirements can have a profound effect on what does and does not get built in our neighborhoods.” Lee's proposed legislation aims to allow buildings with four or more stories to have a single stair entry and exit, although it currently lacks detailed provisions.
Criticism from Housing Advocates
The report's conclusions have drawn criticism from housing advocates, including Culver City councilmember Bubba Fish, who described the four-story limit as “ridiculous.” Fish, who previously championed a single-stair ordinance in Culver City, argues that California's building codes remain outdated compared to global standards. He contends that the report's findings do not align with the urgent need for more affordable housing solutions.
Conflicting Perspectives
While proponents of single-stair buildings argue that they could alleviate housing shortages and reduce construction costs, opponents maintain that safety should remain the top priority. The debate reflects broader tensions in California's housing crisis, where the need for increased housing supply often clashes with stringent safety regulations.
Verbatim Quotes
- “Stairway requirements can have a profound effect on what does and does not get built in our neighborhoods, Lee said.” — Alex Lee, Democratic Assemblymember
- “As to be expected from this group,” — Bubba Fish, Culver City Councilmember
The ongoing discussion surrounding single-stair reform in California underscores the complexities of balancing safety regulations with the pressing need for affordable housing solutions. As lawmakers consider the report's recommendations, the outcome may significantly impact future urban development in the state.
