Full Breakdown
Escalating Violence in South Sudan's Jonglei State: A Humanitarian Crisis
3/17/2026, 3:41:32 PM
Intensified Military Operations in Jonglei State
The South Sudanese army has intensified military operations in Jonglei State, particularly in the town of Akobo, aiming to reclaim territory from opposition forces loyal to suspended First Vice-President Riek Machar. This escalation has led to significant civilian displacement, with reports indicating that over 280,000 people have fled their homes due to the ongoing violence. Families, such as that of Nyawan Koang, who walked for two days with her five children to reach Duk, are emblematic of the dire situation. Nyawan described being caught between the Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) and government forces, stating, "We were [wedged] between two forces... And their bullets kill us."
Background of the Conflict
The roots of the current conflict trace back to the power struggle between President Salva Kiir and Riek Machar, which has characterized South Sudan's post-independence history since the country gained independence in 2011. Following a civil war that erupted in 2013, a fragile peace agreement was established in 2018, but it has never been fully implemented. Machar has been under house arrest in Juba for a year, facing charges of murder, treason, and crimes against humanity, which he denies. His supporters argue that his detention is politically motivated and violates the power-sharing agreement.
Humanitarian Impact and Displacement
The humanitarian situation in Jonglei State is deteriorating rapidly. According to the World Food Programme (WFP), approximately 60% of Jonglei's two million residents face hunger, and across South Sudan, 10 million people require food aid. The recent violence has exacerbated these needs, with many families fleeing to Duk, where aid organizations struggle to provide basic necessities. The UN has warned of a potential return to full-scale civil war, raising concerns about the safety and security of civilians.
Criticism and Opposition
Critics of the government's actions, including humanitarian organizations, have condemned the evacuation orders issued by the South Sudan People's Defence Forces (SSPDF), which have forced many aid workers to leave Akobo. This evacuation has halted essential health services, leaving thousands without access to medical care. Shabnam Baloch, Oxfam’s South Sudan Country Director, described the situation as "outrageous," emphasizing that living conditions were already dire before the latest escalation.
Conflicting Reports and Gaps
Reports on the number of displaced individuals vary, with some sources indicating that approximately 100,000 people have crossed into Ethiopia, while others suggest that the total number of displaced could exceed 267,000 across various states. The humanitarian access to affected areas remains severely restricted due to ongoing violence, complicating efforts to provide assistance.
Official Statements and Responses
The UN and various humanitarian organizations have called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and for all parties to adhere to international humanitarian law. The Humanitarian Coordinators for South Sudan and Ethiopia have emphasized the need for safe and unhindered access for humanitarian aid, particularly in Akobo County. The Troika, comprising the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, has urged President Kiir to revoke the evacuation order and restore humanitarian operations.
What's Next?
As the military campaign continues, the humanitarian crisis in Jonglei State is expected to worsen. Immediate needs for food, health services, and shelter are critical, and the international community's response will be pivotal in addressing the escalating situation. The UN's warning about the potential for renewed civil war underscores the urgency for political dialogue and a commitment to peace.
