PFAS Exposure Linked to Lower Bone Density in Children

Recent research has highlighted potential health risks associated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals." A study published in the *Journal of the Endocrine Society* indicates that exposure to PFAS may adversely affect bone health in children, particularly during their formative years. PFAS are synthetic chemicals used in various products, including nonstick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foams, and are known for their persistence in the environment and human body.

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The study, led by Dr. Jessie Buckley from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, examined 218 children who had been part of a research cohort since birth. Researchers measured blood serum concentrations of four PFAS chemicals—PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid), PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid), and PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonic acid)—at various ages. The findings revealed that children with higher PFAS levels exhibited lower bone mineral density (BMD) at age 12, particularly in the forearm, which is critical for assessing fracture risk.

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Dr. Buckley noted that the difference in BMD scores between children with the highest and lowest PFAS levels correlates with a 10% to 30% increased likelihood of forearm fractures. The study suggests that PFAS exposure from ages 8 to 12 may have a more significant impact on bone health than exposure during earlier years.

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The study raises questions about the mechanisms through which PFAS may affect bone development. Dr. Buckley pointed out that PFAS are known endocrine disruptors, potentially interfering with hormones crucial for bone health, such as estrogen and testosterone. Additionally, PFAS may influence stem cell differentiation, leading to the formation of fat cells instead of bone cells. Notably, PFAS have been detected in human bone tissue, suggesting a direct accumulation that could contribute to skeletal toxicity.

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While the study provides valuable insights, it has limitations, including a relatively small sample size. Dr. Lida Chatzi from the University of Southern California, who was not involved in the study, emphasized the need for long-term research to determine whether the observed differences in bone density persist into adulthood.

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Experts recommend that individuals take proactive measures to limit PFAS exposure, such as using certified water filters and avoiding conventional nonstick cookware. Dr. Buckley also highlighted the importance of breastfeeding, noting that its benefits outweigh potential PFAS-related risks, as high chemical levels in infants may result from maternal transfer through breast milk.

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Further research is necessary to explore the long-term implications of PFAS exposure on bone health and to understand the potential risks of osteoporosis in adulthood. As awareness of PFAS-related health issues grows, ongoing studies will be crucial in shaping public health policies and recommendations.

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• “We found that PFAS chemical exposure in children tended to be related to lower bone strength when they’re young teens,” — Dr. Jessie Buckley, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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• “The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the potential PFAS-related risks,” — Dr. Lida Chatzi, University of Southern California

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