The Importance of Shingles Vaccination: Health Benefits and Risks

Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, affects approximately one in three people in the United States. Symptoms include pain, sensitivity to touch, itching, and a rash that typically appears on one side of the body. While hospitalization for shingles complications is rare, older adults and those with weakened immune systems face a higher risk of severe cases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports fewer than 100 annual deaths from shingles in the U.S.

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The shingles vaccine, known as Shingrix in the U.S. and the UK, is recommended for adults aged 50 and older, with two doses administered two to six months apart. The CDC states that Shingrix is over 90% effective at preventing shingles in healthy adults over 50. Vaccination not only reduces the likelihood of contracting shingles but also lessens the severity of the disease and the risk of complications such as postherpetic neuralgia, which can cause prolonged nerve pain.

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Recent studies suggest that shingles vaccination may also lower the risk of dementia. Research led by Emily Rayens at Kaiser Permanente indicates a 51% reduction in dementia risk among individuals vaccinated with Shingrix. This association is supported by theories that chronic viral infections may contribute to immune aging and inflammation, both of which are linked to dementia. Dr. Pascal Geldsetzer from Stanford University emphasizes the need for further clinical trials to explore these mechanisms and establish a causal relationship.

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While Shingrix is generally well-tolerated, some individuals experience mild side effects, including pain at the injection site and flu-like symptoms. Dr. Andrew Wallach notes that vaccine fatigue may contribute to low vaccination rates, with only about 35% of adults over 60 vaccinated against shingles. The CDC recommends vaccination for adults with weakened immune systems, but those currently experiencing shingles or with a history of allergic reactions to Shingrix should avoid the vaccine.

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In addition to its potential effects on dementia, early research suggests that shingles vaccination may be associated with a lower risk of heart attack and stroke. A 2025 review of 19 studies indicated that individuals who received the shingles vaccine had a reduced risk of these cardiovascular events compared to those who were unvaccinated.

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The shingles vaccine presents a compelling case for public health, not only in preventing shingles and its complications but potentially also in reducing the risk of dementia and other serious health issues. Experts advocate for increased awareness and vaccination efforts, particularly among older adults, to harness the full benefits of this readily available intervention. As Dr. Wallach states, “If there’s a possibility of it also protecting against dementia, why not?”

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