The Impact of AI on Learning and Professional Practices

Recent discussions among psychologists from the University of Toronto highlight concerns regarding the implications of "frictionless" artificial intelligence (AI) on learning and interpersonal relationships. In a commentary titled *Against Frictionless AI*, lead author Emily Zohar and her colleagues Paul Bloom and Michael Inzlicht argue that friction—defined as the difficulties encountered during goal pursuit—plays a crucial role in cognitive and social development. They assert that the removal of effort from tasks can undermine motivation, learning, and meaningful engagement.

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Zohar elaborates that friction in cognitive tasks involves mental effort, such as persistence and problem-solving, while in social contexts, it encompasses disagreements and misunderstandings that foster personal growth. The authors warn that AI's ability to provide instant solutions may bypass these essential processes, leading to a decline in critical thinking and social skills.

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The commentary emphasizes that AI's impact is particularly pronounced in creative fields, such as writing and programming. Zohar notes that reliance on AI for drafting documents can diminish the cognitive and social friction necessary for meaningful engagement. Research indicates that individuals often trust AI-generated content less and struggle to remember their own contributions when assisted by AI. This reliance on AI could hinder the development of critical thinking skills, especially among adolescents who may miss out on essential learning experiences.

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In the legal profession, generative AI is transforming document management and analysis, allowing lawyers to streamline their workflows significantly. Mark Opashinov, a partner at McMillan, describes generative AI as a "sea change" that enables legal professionals to focus on higher-value tasks. However, he acknowledges that while AI can enhance efficiency, it also raises expectations for legal practitioners to articulate their unique value beyond mere document production.

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Conversely, Robert Diab, a law professor at Thompson Rivers University, cautions that the initial optimism surrounding AI's efficiency has been overstated. He argues that many aspects of legal work, such as client interactions and strategic thinking, cannot be delegated to AI, suggesting that the technology will not displace lawyers but rather emphasize the importance of human skills.

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Zohar advocates for a more human-centered approach to AI design, proposing that AI systems should encourage users to engage more deeply with tasks rather than providing immediate answers. This perspective aligns with the broader call for AI to support learning and creativity rather than replace them. The challenge lies in shifting user expectations, as many individuals are accustomed to the convenience of frictionless AI.

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As AI continues to evolve, the potential for significant shifts in productivity and professional practices looms. Experts warn that organizations that do not adapt to these changes risk falling behind. The integration of AI into various sectors, including law and education, will require a reevaluation of how tasks are approached, emphasizing the need for a balance between efficiency and the friction necessary for growth and development.

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In summary, while AI offers remarkable efficiencies, the ongoing discourse underscores the importance of maintaining friction in learning and professional environments to foster critical thinking, creativity, and meaningful human interactions.

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