Impact of the Iran Conflict on South Asian Migrant Workers in the Gulf

The ongoing conflict involving the United States and Israel's military actions against Iran has significantly impacted South Asian migrant workers in the Gulf region. As tensions escalate, many workers from countries such as the Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh, and India find themselves in precarious situations, grappling with the threat of violence and disrupted livelihoods.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, host approximately 35 million foreign workers, with over 20 million hailing from South Asia. These workers have historically contributed to the region's economic growth through remittances, which are vital for their home countries. For instance, remittances accounted for 26% of Nepal's GDP and 6.6% of Bangladesh's GDP in 2024.

Norma Tactacon, a 49-year-old domestic worker from the Philippines, expresses her fears as missile strikes threaten her safety in Qatar. She has worked for years to support her family back home, hoping to fund her children's education. Similarly, Dibas Shrestha, a 29-year-old Nepali security guard, was killed in an Iranian strike, leaving his family devastated. His uncle recounted how Shrestha had reassured them of his safety before the conflict escalated.

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Experts highlight the vulnerability of migrant workers in the Gulf, who often occupy low-paying, precarious jobs with limited access to healthcare. Arjun Kharel, a research fellow, notes that these workers are less likely to leave their jobs due to financial obligations, making them particularly susceptible to the dangers posed by the conflict. Irudaya Rajan from the International Institute of Migration and Development emphasizes the need for governments to prioritize the well-being of these workers rather than viewing them solely as sources of remittances.

Governments in South Asia are scrambling to repatriate their citizens. As of March 23, nearly 2,000 Filipino workers were flown back to Manila, while Bangladesh arranged flights for around 500 workers. However, the ongoing conflict has disrupted travel routes, forcing many to take longer paths home.

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The conflict's impact extends beyond individual workers, threatening the economic stability of South Asian nations. Economists predict significant GDP declines in Gulf countries, with Qatar and Kuwait potentially facing a 14% contraction. This downturn could lead to reduced remittances, affecting household consumption and increasing poverty levels in the region.

Reports indicate that at least 12 South Asian migrant workers have died due to the conflict, but specific details vary. The International Labour Organisation has documented these fatalities, but the exact numbers and circumstances remain unclear.

As the conflict continues, experts warn that South Asian countries must prepare for the potential return of tens of thousands of migrant workers. Current reintegration programs may be inadequate, and there is a call for diversification of labor migration corridors to mitigate risks associated with geopolitical instability.

• “I get scared and nervous every time I see pictures and videos of missiles in the air,” — Norma Tactacon, Domestic Worker

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• “He was their only son,” — Ramesh, Uncle of Dibas Shrestha

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• “If I’m abroad, at least I’m sending money to my family,” — Mamata Tamang, Migrant Worker

The ongoing conflict in the Gulf region underscores the fragility of migrant workers' lives and livelihoods, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive policies to protect their rights and ensure their safety.