The Erosion of Civil Society and Rule of Law in Europe

Across Europe, the rise of far-right political parties has led to increasing pressures on civil society organizations and the rule of law. Notably, the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and Viktor Orbán's government in Hungary exemplify this trend. Both have employed tactics that undermine democratic institutions, targeting NGOs and media outlets to consolidate power and suppress dissent.

The Guardian

In Germany, the AfD filed 295 parliamentary queries against left-leaning NGOs in 2025, more than double the previous year. Critics argue this constitutes harassment aimed at delegitimizing civil society's role in democracy. Similarly, the AfD's inquiries into organizations like Greenpeace and Omas gegen Rechts reflect a broader strategy to challenge groups opposing their agenda. This has resulted in a chilling effect, with fears among NGOs of losing tax-exempt status if deemed too political.

The Guardian

In Hungary, Viktor Orbán's government has systematically dismantled judicial independence, packing courts with loyal judges and curbing the activities of NGOs. As the country approaches a general election on April 12, 2026, Orbán faces unprecedented challenges, with polls indicating a tightening race against opposition candidate Péter Magyar. The government has also escalated its conflict with the EU, using its veto power to block aid for Ukraine, thereby framing Hungary as a victim of foreign interference.

EU Observer

Civil society groups across Europe have voiced concerns over the increasing repression they face. In Hungary, the Civil Liberties Union for Europe (Liberties) highlights the erosion of checks and balances, warning that the rule of law is under threat. In Italy, Giorgia Meloni's government has introduced security bills that criminalize various forms of protest, reflecting a broader trend towards illiberalism. Critics, including members of the left-wing party Più Europa, argue these measures violate constitutional rights to demonstrate.

The Guardian

The Civil Liberties Union for Europe asserts that independent institutions are crucial for holding governments accountable. They emphasize that civil society organizations play a vital role in upholding democratic standards and protecting public interests. In response to the growing repression, activists across Europe are calling for solidarity and resistance against these authoritarian trends.

The Guardian

While the AfD's actions in Germany are widely criticized, some argue that their parliamentary inquiries are legitimate exercises of democratic oversight. In Hungary, the narrative surrounding Orbán's governance is similarly polarized, with supporters framing his policies as necessary for national sovereignty, while opponents view them as authoritarian overreach.

EU Observer

As the political landscape evolves, upcoming elections in Hungary and regional votes in Germany will be critical in determining the future of civil society and the rule of law in these countries. The outcomes may either reinforce the current authoritarian trends or signal a shift towards restoring democratic norms.

The Guardian

• “Today, it acts as an extension of the state.” — Pauline Voss, Deputy Editor of Nius

The Guardian

• “We were speechless and angry,” — Kerstin Neurohr, Omas gegen Rechts

The Guardian

• “the defence of human rights is increasingly equated to extremism” — Civil Liberties Union for Europe

The Guardian

The current situation in Europe underscores the urgent need for vigilance and action to protect democratic values and civil liberties amidst rising authoritarianism.

The Guardian