Early Signs of Dementia: The Overlooked Role of Attention

Traditionally, memory loss has been recognized as a primary indicator of dementia. However, a new perspective presented by Andrea Tales, a neuropsychologist at Swansea University, highlights that changes in attention may often precede noticeable memory issues. In her upcoming book, "A New Approach to Dementia: Examining Attention Impairment," co-authored with colleagues, Tales argues that attention deficits are frequently overlooked due to the public's limited understanding of this cognitive domain compared to memory.

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Tales explains that attention encompasses various types, and its changes can manifest in daily life in ways that are less recognizable than memory loss. Individuals may experience symptoms such as increased distractibility, difficulty focusing, challenges in locating objects in cluttered spaces, and issues with multitasking—like walking while talking. These shifts can also include fluctuations in concentration and difficulties in planning and decision-making.

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The reliance on memory-focused screening tools, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), may lead to early attention problems being missed. Tales emphasizes that while aspects of attention, particularly executive function, are acknowledged in healthcare, other facets deserve more attention, especially in the early stages of cognitive decline. Increased awareness of these signs could enable families to provide more effective support, such as reducing environmental clutter for individuals struggling to find items.

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Tales advocates for a broader understanding of cognitive changes, urging individuals concerned about themselves or loved ones to consult healthcare professionals if they notice new or worsening symptoms affecting daily functioning. This proactive approach could facilitate earlier interventions and support.

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While Tales' perspective sheds light on an important aspect of dementia, some experts may argue that memory loss remains the most critical and recognizable sign of cognitive decline. The challenge lies in balancing the emphasis on attention changes with the established focus on memory-related symptoms, ensuring that both are adequately addressed in clinical settings.

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As research continues to evolve, further studies may explore the relationship between attention changes and dementia, potentially leading to improved screening methods that incorporate attention assessments. This could enhance early detection and intervention strategies, ultimately benefiting individuals at risk of cognitive decline.

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“Everyone knows what [memory] is and can describe and report changes,” — Andrea Tales, Neuropsychologist

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“Some people might however report that they experience over-distractibility, difficulty in focusing attention, searching for objects in cluttered environments, dual tasking—like walking and talking—switching attention from one thing to another, and some people may experience fluctuations in attention or concentration, and being able to plan ahead and make decisions,” — Andrea Tales, Neuropsychologist

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“If you’re worried about yourself or a loved one, Tales recommended speaking with a healthcare professional, especially if changes are new, worsening or affecting everyday functioning.” — Andrea Tales, Neuropsychologist

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