Hostile Sexism Linked to Increased Relational Aggression Among Young Adults

A recent study published in the *Journal of Social and Personal Relationships* reveals a correlation between hostile sexist beliefs and higher rates of relational aggression among young adults. Conducted by researchers from the University of Quebec in Montreal, the study involved 571 participants aged 17 to 22, primarily identifying as White and heterosexual. The researchers aimed to explore how societal beliefs about gender influence interpersonal behaviors, particularly focusing on relational aggression, which includes actions like gossiping, social exclusion, and other forms of social sabotage.

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The study found that individuals with higher scores in hostile sexism were significantly more likely to engage in both proactive and reactive relational aggression. Proactive relational aggression is calculated and aimed at achieving specific goals, while reactive relational aggression occurs in response to perceived threats. The findings suggest that young adults who endorse hostile sexist views may use these aggressive behaviors to maintain their social dominance and control over their peers, particularly against those who challenge traditional gender norms.

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The research highlighted notable differences in how gender influences relational aggression. The link between hostile sexism and reactive relational aggression was found to be stronger among men than women. Men with hostile sexist beliefs were particularly prone to using social attacks when feeling threatened or angry. Marion Chatelois, the study's lead author, emphasized that such behaviors serve to protect their social status within a gendered hierarchy.

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The study distinguishes between hostile and benevolent sexism, noting that while benevolent sexism—characterized by protective attitudes towards women—was not linked to relational aggression, it still perpetuates harmful gender norms. Chatelois pointed out that benevolent sexism can indirectly justify violence and contribute to a patriarchal system that restricts gender roles.

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Chatelois stated, “Young adults who hold more hostile sexist attitudes are more likely to use relational aggression... to police those who do not conform to sexist norms.” She further noted the importance of challenging traditional gender norms to prevent the development of prejudiced biases and improve interpersonal relationships among youth.

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While the study provides valuable insights, it has limitations. The data was collected at a single point in time, making it impossible to establish causation between sexist beliefs and relational aggression. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported behaviors may not accurately reflect participants' social actions. Future research is suggested to include peer observations for a more comprehensive understanding.

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The research team plans to continue exploring the intersection of sexism, gender stereotypes, and the desire for popularity in influencing relational aggression. This ongoing investigation aims to deepen understanding of how hierarchical beliefs and patriarchal norms affect aggressive behaviors among young adults.

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• “We wanted to explore the intersection between behavioral research and research on gender-related attitudes, since gender norms affect the way aggressive behaviors are perceived and enacted,” — Marion Chatelois, PhD Candidate

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• “Young adults who hold more hostile sexist attitudes are more likely to use relational aggression, i.e. to try and harm their peers’ social relationships,” — Marion Chatelois, PhD Candidate

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• “Benevolent sexism, although not associated with relational aggression in our study, is not a harmless or ‘positive’ form of sexism,” — Marion Chatelois, PhD Candidate

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