The Impact of Gen Z Protests Across the Global South

In recent months, mass demonstrations led by Gen Z activists have significantly altered the political landscapes in Nepal, Madagascar, Morocco, and Bangladesh. These protests have not only toppled governments but have also brought youth demands to the forefront of political discourse. However, six months post-demonstrations, the extent to which these movements have achieved their goals remains mixed.

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In Nepal, the protests culminated in the resignation of Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, leading to the appointment of Balendra Shah, known as "Balen," as the youngest prime minister in the country's history. Balen, a former mayor and rapper, rose to prominence by advocating against corruption and governmental stagnation. His administration's initial actions included addressing the violent repression of protests from the previous year, with calls for accountability against former officials. Despite this progress, Balen faces skepticism regarding his plans to revitalize the economy and tackle unemployment, which drives many young Nepalese to seek work abroad.

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Conversely, in Bangladesh, the Gen Z movement's influence was evident in the February 2026 elections, where 28% of candidates were under 44. However, the established Bangladesh Nationalist Party won decisively, indicating that while the protests reshaped public debate, they struggled to translate momentum into electoral success. Critics argue that the youth movement, while capturing the aspirations of young people, failed to engage effectively with the political process, leaving established parties with structural advantages.

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In Morocco, the Gen Z movement faces severe repression, with over 5,000 arrests reported since the protests began. Key figures, including rapper Souhaib Qabli, have been sentenced to prison for expressing dissent against the ruling elite. Activists report a climate of fear, where families are hesitant to engage in public protests due to the risk of harsher penalties. Despite promises from the government to improve social spending and healthcare, the movement remains in a precarious state, with many activists feeling that their demands have not been adequately addressed.

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Madagascar's youth movement, which played a crucial role in ousting President Andry Rajoelina, remains skeptical of the new government formed in March 2026. The interim leader, Colonel Michael Randrianirina, has pledged to combat corruption but has not included protest leaders in his cabinet. Activists continue to advocate for systemic change and have established themselves as watchdogs to ensure that their voices are considered in the political process. Despite their efforts, many young people express doubt about the government's commitment to genuine reform.

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The aftermath of the Gen Z protests across these nations illustrates a complex legacy. While significant political changes have occurred, the fulfillment of the protesters' demands remains uncertain. As youth movements continue to navigate the challenges of political engagement, their impact on future governance and societal change will be closely watched. The ongoing struggle for representation and accountability underscores the importance of youth voices in shaping the political landscape in the Global South.

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• “He doesn't do very many interviews – he doesn't really inspire confidence in that way,” — Feyzi Ismail, Lecturer in Global Politics and Activism

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• “The authorities have really cracked down hard on the movement. Today, it is in a state of clinical death.” — Hakim Sikouk, President of the Rabat Chapter of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights

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• “We want to improve the system,” — Ademba Allans, Civil Rights Activist

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While the protests have led to significant political changes in some countries, the effectiveness of these movements in achieving their goals varies widely. Reports indicate differing levels of success and repression, highlighting the complexities of youth activism in the Global South.

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