Bioinspired Robotics: Learning from Sea Stars

Recent research from the University of Southern California's Kanso Bioinspired Motion Lab has revealed that sea stars, specifically Asterias rubens, exhibit a unique form of decentralized movement. Each of their tube feet operates independently, responding to local environmental feedback rather than relying on a central control system. This characteristic allows sea stars to adapt their movement in response to varying mechanical strains, enabling them to continue functioning even if they lose an arm. The study, conducted in collaboration with the McHenry Lab at the University of California, Irvine, and the Symbiose Lab at the University of Mons in Belgium, highlights the potential for applying these biological principles to robotics.

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The findings suggest that robots inspired by sea stars could possess parts that function autonomously, allowing them to navigate diverse terrains without centralized instructions. This decentralized control could enhance the resilience of robots, enabling them to continue operating even if some components fail. "Failure in some of the parts wouldn’t imply failure of the entire operation," states Eva Kanso, the lead author of the study. Such advancements could be particularly beneficial in environments where traditional electronics may fail, such as underwater or in space.

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The concept of bioinspiration is not new; researchers have long looked to nature to inform robotic design. For instance, soft robots mimic the flexible movements of octopuses, while quadruped robots draw from canine locomotion. The Kanso lab's work with sea stars exemplifies how understanding the mechanics of living organisms can lead to innovative engineering solutions. "What can you get if you farm out some of the decision-making into the peripheral reaches of your robot?" asks Matt McHenry, a collaborator on the project, emphasizing the potential for more efficient robotic systems.

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Despite the promising developments, creating adaptable robots remains a challenge. Current prototypes often struggle to operate effectively across different environments. "We know how to build machines that work in one environment and one environment only," Kanso notes. The field is still evolving, and researchers are keen to explore how the physics of biological systems can inform engineering practices.

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• “If they lose an arm, they continue walking. That would be very attractive to translate to engineering.” — Eva Kanso, Lead Author

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• “What can you get if you farm out some of the decision-making into the peripheral reaches of your robot, instead of trying to control everything with a computer?” — Matt McHenry, Biologist

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• “Failure in some of the parts [of a robot] wouldn’t imply failure of the entire operation,” — Eva Kanso, Lead Author

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• “Travers adds, “There’s a huge interest in wanting to be able to more closely mimic nature.” — Matthew Travers, Systems Engineer

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The study of sea stars offers valuable insights into creating resilient, decentralized robotic systems. As researchers continue to explore the mechanics of these marine invertebrates, the potential for developing robots that can adapt and thrive in challenging environments becomes increasingly feasible. The journey toward achieving the adaptability seen in nature remains ongoing, with scientists eager to unlock the secrets of biological movement for future robotic applications.

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