Starlink's Role in Iran's Internet Blackout Amid Conflict

Following the U.S. and Israeli strikes against Iran in late February 2026, the Iranian government imposed a near-total internet blackout, marking the longest nationwide shutdown since the Arab Spring. This blackout, which began on February 28, has severely limited connectivity, reducing internet access to approximately 1% of pre-war levels, according to NetBlocks. The Iranian telecommunications industry, predominantly state-owned, allows the government to control all voice and data traffic, effectively isolating citizens from the global internet.

Despite the illegality of Starlink in Iran, many citizens have resorted to using Elon Musk's satellite internet service to bypass government censorship. Starlink receivers, which include a satellite dish and Wi-Fi router, have been smuggled into the country and are often shared among neighbors. However, the use of Starlink carries significant risks, including potential capital punishment for those caught using it. Iranian authorities have intensified their crackdown on Starlink users, employing drones to locate receivers and expanding espionage laws to criminalize their use.

In response to the growing use of Starlink, Iranian authorities have arrested dozens of individuals allegedly involved in selling Starlink terminals. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is actively hunting for users, and the government has deployed electronic warfare equipment to jam Starlink signals. The Iranian parliament has also enacted laws that impose severe penalties for transmitting content deemed harmful to national security, with sentences escalating to 25 years in special security situations.

The ongoing conflict and internet restrictions have left many Iranians feeling helpless and anxious. Citizens express concern over the deteriorating situation, with some stockpiling essentials in anticipation of further disruptions. While some initially viewed the U.S.-Israeli strikes as potential support against the regime, many now perceive attacks on critical infrastructure, such as power stations, as detrimental to ordinary citizens. The economic impact of the war is palpable, with rising unemployment and businesses struggling to survive amid the chaos.

Public opinion is divided regarding the international response to the conflict. Some individuals believe that targeting Iranian infrastructure could destabilize the regime, while others argue it exacerbates the suffering of ordinary citizens. The sentiment among many is that the actions of foreign powers, particularly the U.S., do not consider the welfare of the Iranian populace.

• “It feels like we're sinking deeper into a swamp. What can we do as ordinary people? We can't do anything. We can't stop him [Trump]. I keep thinking about a scenario where, in a month, I'm sitting with my family with no water, no electricity, nothing. And someone blows out the candle and we go to sleep.” — Kasra, Tehran Resident

• “If attacking targets in the country brings down the Islamic Republic, I'm fine with that. Because if the Islamic Republic survives this war, it will stay forever.” — Radin, Tehran Resident

• “I feel like I'm losing my mind.” — Marjan, Tehran Resident

The Iranian government's stringent control over internet access during wartime has led to a significant reliance on Starlink, despite the associated risks. As the conflict continues, the implications for civil liberties and public sentiment remain profound, with many citizens caught in a precarious situation that limits their ability to communicate and access information.