Full Breakdown
India's Hydroelectric Projects on Transboundary Rivers: Implications for Bangladesh
4/13/2026, 11:08:58 AM
Overview of Hydroelectric Developments
India is advancing plans for at least seven hydroelectric projects on two transboundary river systems—the Myntdu and Kynshi rivers—in the northeastern state of Meghalaya. These rivers flow into Bangladesh, where they are known as Sari-Goyain and Jadukata, respectively. The Myntdu River has already seen the commissioning of the Myntdu-Leshka Stage I project, while the Stage II project is now gaining momentum, with the Meghalaya Power Minister Metbah Lyngdoh stating that the Detailed Project Report (DPR) has been completed and financial arrangements are being finalized.
Environmental and Social Concerns
The proposed hydroelectric projects have raised significant environmental and social concerns. Critics argue that the cascading run-of-the-river (RoR) projects could disrupt natural river flows, impact biodiversity, and increase the risk of landslides and erosion. Kalyan Rudra, a river scientist, noted that such projects can alter the natural rhythm of rivers, leading to sediment trapping and erosion downstream. Local residents have expressed fears that the Myntdu-Leshka Stage II project will exacerbate existing issues, including damage to agricultural lands and the livelihoods of those dependent on fishing and sand mining.
Local Voices and Opposition
Local community leaders have voiced their apprehensions regarding the impact of these projects. Phermon Suchen, president of the Borghat-Jaliakhola Aquatic Life Welfare Association, highlighted concerns about the diminishing fish population due to increased river acidity and water diversions. Villagers from Pasadwar and Kharkhana reported that the existing Stage I project has already caused damage to their agricultural activities and homes during monsoon seasons. They fear that the new project will double these damages, with calls for the power house to be relocated away from their village.
Official Responses and Justifications
The implementing agency has downplayed local concerns, asserting that the dams will not cause floods and will help manage water flow. They claim that sufficient water will be released for local needs and that silt will be periodically flushed out to support sand mining activities. However, critics argue that the cumulative impact of multiple projects could significantly alter river flow patterns, particularly during non-monsoon months, and increase disaster vulnerability in the region.
Broader Implications and Future Considerations
Experts warn that the cascading nature of these hydroelectric projects could have far-reaching consequences for both India and Bangladesh. Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator of the South Asia Network of Dams, Rivers and People, emphasized the need for comprehensive carrying capacity studies and cumulative impact assessments to understand the full implications of these projects. Eshita Dastider, an anthropological researcher, noted that unregulated mining and deforestation in Meghalaya have already increased the frequency of landslides, further complicating the environmental landscape.
Conclusion
As India pursues its hydroelectric ambitions in Meghalaya, the potential impacts on Bangladesh's water systems and local communities cannot be overlooked. The interplay of environmental, social, and geopolitical factors necessitates careful consideration and transparent communication regarding these projects to mitigate adverse effects on both sides of the border.
