Cuba's Energy Crisis: The Surge in Solar Power Amid U.S. Blockade

Cuba is currently facing a severe energy crisis exacerbated by the U.S. fuel blockade, which has led to widespread power outages, gas shortages, and a humanitarian crisis. Following President Donald Trump's January 2026 executive order imposing tariffs on countries supplying oil to Cuba, the nation has seen a drastic reduction in fuel availability, with power outages sometimes exceeding 20 hours a day. The situation has become increasingly dire, with hospitals canceling surgeries due to blackouts and residents expressing their frustration through protests. The U.N. has condemned the blockade as a violation of international law, highlighting its humanitarian implications.

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifelineThe GuardianCuba's main destinations deserted, without electricity or fuel due to US sanctions

Cuba's electrical grid, described as a "Frankenstein" of outdated components, has struggled to maintain functionality under these pressures. Raúl Rodríguez Rodríguez, director of the Center for Hemispheric and U.S. Studies, noted that the grid's maintenance is hindered by a lack of resources and the historical context of U.S. sanctions. The grid's vulnerability was further exposed by Hurricane Melissa in 2025, which caused extensive outages. Critics like Jorge Piñon from the University of Texas argue that the Cuban government has the means to upgrade its energy infrastructure but has not prioritized it, pointing to investments in luxury projects instead.

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifelineThe Guardian

In response to the energy crisis, Cuba has seen a significant increase in solar power installations. In February 2026, the country generated over 900 megawatts from solar energy, marking a substantial rise from previous years. The Ministry of Energy and Mines aims to produce 15% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2026. The surge in solar installations is driven by the affordability of solar technology, with costs for solar panels having dropped by 90% over the past decade. Additionally, the Cuban government’s ownership of most land simplifies the installation of solar parks.

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifelineThe Guardian

A report by the Common Wealth thinktank suggests that an investment of $8 billion could enable Cuba to generate approximately 93% of its electricity from renewable sources, while a total of $19 billion would allow for a fully renewable grid. The report emphasizes that international investment is crucial for Cuba to overcome U.S. sanctions and achieve energy independence. However, many countries are hesitant to invest due to fears of violating U.S. policies.

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Critics of the U.S. blockade argue that it not only hampers Cuba's energy development but also creates a humanitarian crisis. Kevin Cashman, a researcher with the Transition Security Project, stated, “The case for solar in Cuba is so compelling, and what the U.S. is doing is so cruel.” The blockade has coincided with a significant decline in tourism, further straining the economy and exacerbating the energy crisis.

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifeline

• “The U.S. executive order imposing a fuel blockade on Cuba is a serious violation of international law and a grave threat to a democratic and equitable international order,” — U.N. Experts

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifeline

• “It is designed to attack Cuba’s vulnerabilities,” — Raúl Rodríguez Rodríguez, Director, Center for Hemispheric and U.S. Studies

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifeline

• “The case for solar in Cuba is so compelling, and what the U.S. is doing is so cruel,” — Kevin Cashman, Researcher, Transition Security Project

As Cuba’s grid fails, solar power becomes a lifeline

As Cuba navigates this complex energy landscape, the potential for solar power to alleviate its energy woes remains a focal point of discussion and development.

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