Israeli Airstrike Destroys Historic Synagogue in Tehran, Impacting Jewish Community

On April 6, 2026, an Israeli airstrike in Tehran resulted in the complete destruction of the Rafi’ Nia synagogue, a significant site for the city’s Jewish community. The Israeli military characterized the incident as "collateral damage" from a strike aimed at a military commander. Fortunately, no injuries were reported, although a staff member was present in the synagogue's office at the time of the bombing. Members of the Jewish community expressed outrage over the destruction, emphasizing the loss of historical religious texts and artifacts.

The Guardian

The Jewish community in Iran, which dates back approximately 2,500 years, is the oldest in the Middle East outside of Israel. Historically, Iran was once an ally of Israel under the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi until the 1979 Islamic Revolution severed diplomatic ties. Since then, relations have been characterized by hostility, with Iranian officials often using antisemitic rhetoric. Despite this, the Iranian government claims its opposition is directed at the Israeli state rather than the Jewish people.

The Guardian

The Jewish community in Iran has significantly diminished since the revolution, shrinking from around 100,000 to an estimated 10,000-15,000 members today. Prominent figures include Homayoun Sameh, head of the Jewish Association of Iran, and Younes Hammami Lalehzar, the community's chief rabbi. Both have highlighted the community's resilience and commitment to maintaining their cultural and religious practices despite ongoing tensions.

The Guardian

The destruction of the Rafi’ Nia synagogue has intensified feelings of vulnerability among Iranian Jews. Many community members feel that the Israeli government, particularly under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, does not prioritize their safety. Setareh, a 60-year-old community member, expressed pride in her identity as an Iranian Jew, stating that synagogues remain open and that Muslim and Jewish communities coexist peacefully.

The Guardian

Iranian officials condemned the airstrike, with Sameh stating, “We condemn this attack. It disrespects our faith.” The community's historical ties to Iran complicate their identity, as they navigate the duality of being both Iranian and Jewish in a politically charged environment.

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• “We didn’t let the conflict stop us from celebrating,” — Asef, member of Tehran’s Jewish community

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• “It’s all under the rubble, including some of our historical volumes,” — Homayoun Sameh, head of the Jewish Association of Iran

The Guardian

• “Muslim and Jewish communities live here together, we’re not separated.” — Ayman, community member

The Guardian

In the aftermath of the airstrike, the Jewish community in Tehran continues to express its commitment to its traditions and identity. Despite the challenges posed by the current geopolitical climate, community members remain determined to uphold their cultural heritage and maintain their presence in Iran.

The Guardian