Virginia Study Warns Data-Center Boom Could Strain Eastern Aquifer

A state-commissioned study released by Governor Abigail Spanberger’s office examined groundwater supplies in Virginia’s eastern coastal plain and evaluated the potential impact of the region’s rapidly expanding data-center industry. The report concluded that the primary aquifer is “constrained” and that, without stronger regulation, groundwater levels are projected to decline, making it unlikely that new large-scale industrial users—such as data centers that rely on evaporative cooling—could obtain a reliable supply.

Associated Press

Virginia hosts the nation’s largest concentration of data centers, with 371 facilities already operating and another 438 planned, according to Cleanview. Groundwater law was first enacted in 1973, tightened in 1992, and the study recommends further strengthening of permitting authority. Past groundwater withdrawals fell sharply about 15 years ago after a paper mill closure, temporarily raising water levels, but recent trends have stalled and are now heading downward again.

Associated Press

• The study notes no comprehensive public data on groundwater withdrawals by data centers.

Associated Press

• Most existing and planned data-center capacity draws water from surface-water systems, not groundwater.

Associated Press

• Hypothetical modeling suggests that under current conditions no data center using evaporative cooling could find sufficient groundwater anywhere in the region.

Associated Press

State Sen. Richard Stuart, a Republican representing the coastal Northern Neck, called the findings “worrisome,” emphasizing concerns for drinking water and the seafood industry.

Associated Press

Jay Ford, Virginia policy manager for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, warned that the state is “standing on the ledge” regarding water security. Stuart echoed this sentiment, stressing the need to protect drinking water and the region’s seafood industry from further strain.

Associated Press

• “This report represents the most comprehensive analysis of groundwater resources conducted in Virginia history. Governor Spanberger is committed to working with the General Assembly to carefully evaluate its findings, strengthen the Commonwealth’s groundwater management policies, and protect Virginia’s water supply for future generations,” — Jack Bledsoe, a spokesperson for Spanberger

Associated Press