Full Breakdown
Vanuatu Seeks ICJ Review of Dispute with France Over Two Pacific Islands
9/1/2026, 10:06:32 PM
Core Legal Move
On September 1, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) announced that the small Pacific nation of Vanuatu has formally requested that the court hear its long-standing claim to Matthew Island and Hunter Island. The ICJ clarified that it will not proceed with the case until France consents to the court’s compulsory jurisdiction over the dispute. Consequently, the filing has been forwarded to Paris for a decision on whether France will accept the court’s authority.
Background and Territorial Stakes
Matthew Island and Hunter Island are uninhabited volcanic outcrops located roughly 300 kilometres (190 miles) east of the French overseas territory of New Caledonia and to the south-east of Vanuatu. Although the islands lack permanent residents, sovereignty determines control of the surrounding exclusive economic zones, affecting fishing rights and potential seabed resource exploitation. France and Vanuatu previously engaged in bilateral negotiations on the islands and maritime boundaries in 2018, 2019, and again in 2025. Vanuatu reported that the latest round of talks reached an impasse, prompting the decision to seek an international judicial forum.
Official Positions
The French government did not provide an immediate comment when Reuters sought a response. Vanuatu’s submission underscores its intent to resolve the dispute through legal means rather than further bilateral negotiations.
Geographic and Legal Details
- Islands: Matthew Island and Hunter Island – both volcanic and uninhabited.
- Location: Approximately 300 km east of New Caledonia, south-east of Vanuatu.
- Legal Context: The ICJ adjudicates disputes between states and interprets international treaties, frequently handling land and maritime boundary issues.
Next Steps
The case now awaits a response from France regarding its acceptance of ICJ jurisdiction. Should France agree, the court would schedule hearings to examine the historical claims and maritime implications. If France declines, Vanuatu may need to pursue alternative diplomatic or regional mechanisms to address the territorial disagreement.
