Ancient Fresco and Mosaic Unveiled at Rome’s Baths of Trajan

Mayor Robert Gualtieri presented the newly restored fresco—dubbed the “Painted City”—and the adjoining “Great Mosaic” during a trial opening this month. The works, uncovered in an underground gallery during 1990s excavations at the Baths of Trajan on Oppio hill near the Colosseum, are being shown to the public in small groups of 15 visitors on weekend afternoons. Officials said the limited trial will allow them to monitor how the delicate surfaces respond to increased humidity and other climatic impacts before broader access is permitted.

Ancient Rome’s biggest fresco and mosaic unveiled three decades after discovery The IndependentBozeman Daily Chronicle

The Baths of Trajan were dedicated by Emperor Trajan in 109 AD and covered roughly six hectares (about 15 acres), making them the largest bath complex of their era. The complex incorporated the earlier Domus Aurea and was designed to optimise water temperature for an enhanced thermal experience. The newly opened upper-level “library” is believed to have hosted cultural activities alongside the usual bathing and sporting facilities.

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The fresco depicts a walled port city from a bird’s-eye perspective, showing buildings, a theatre, a temple, public piazzas and towers. Cultural superintendent Claudio Parisi Presicce noted that while the specific city remains unidentified, the level of preservation suggests it represented a well-known settlement. The mosaic measures approximately 15 metres (about 49 feet) in height and features intricately decorated columns, architectural elements and figures across four levels. The upper tiers resemble theatrical scenes, whereas the lower tiers present a plan view of the same maritime city. Restoration work included cleaning surface deposits, consolidating grout and applying techniques to improve visibility while protecting the original blues and terracotta pigments.

Ancient Rome’s biggest fresco and mosaic unveiled three decades after discovery The IndependentBozeman Daily Chronicle

Parisi Presicce echoed this sentiment, emphasizing the fresco’s exceptional conservation. Both officials indicated that the trial period will inform decisions on expanding visitor numbers, with the ultimate goal of balancing public access and long-term preservation of the ancient artworks.

Ancient Rome’s biggest fresco and mosaic unveiled three decades after discovery