Full Breakdown
BOJ Set to Raise Policy Rate to 1.25% Amid U.S. Pressure and Yen Weakness
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Core Event: Planned September Rate Hike
The Bank of Japan (BOJ) is expected to increase its policy interest rate by 0.25 percentage point to 1.25 % at its monetary-policy meeting on September 17-18. A Reuters poll of 68 economists found that 97 % anticipated the September hike, and many also see a second increase to at least 1.50 % by March 2027.
Background & Context
- The BOJ ended negative rates in March 2024 and raised the rate to around 1.0 % in June 2024.
- Underlying inflation has edged close to the BOJ’s 2 % target, driven by higher oil prices, a weaker yen and AI-related demand.
- Real wages rose 2.4 % in July, the fastest pace in five years, while nominal wages jumped 4.7 % YoY—the largest increase since 1997.
- The yen has appreciated to roughly ¥153 per dollar, its strongest level since February, after a 6.6 % rally that followed a joint U.S.–Japan intervention on July 31.
Data & Statistics
- Policy rate target: 1.25 % (proposed).
- Inflation: Core price growth approaching the 2 % goal.
- Wage growth: Nominal +4.7 % YoY; real +2.4 % YoY.
- Yen exchange rate: Around ¥153.37 per dollar on the Wednesday after the poll.
- Fiscal outlook: Budget requests total ¥143.1 trillion (? $931 billion), comparable to the COVID-19 fiscal year.
- Market expectations: 75 % of economists forecast a terminal rate of 1.75 % by Q2 2027.
Official Statements & Responses
- Kazuo Ueda, BOJ Governor, said the bank will continue to raise rates while “financial conditions remain accommodative,” preferring a 25-basis-point step to avoid market disruption.
- Masu Kazuyuki, BOJ board member, told a press conference in Fukui City that discussions on the policy rate will “certainly be held,” emphasizing careful examination of exchange-rate, crude-oil and international-food-price developments.
Conflicting Reports & Gaps
- The Reuters poll projects a second hike to 1.50 % by March 2027, while a follow-up shows 40 % of respondents now expect a terminal rate of 2.00 % or higher.
- Some market commentators anticipate a faster cadence of hikes, but the BOJ has not disclosed a definitive timetable beyond September.
Verbatim Quotes
- “Until now, it would be hard for the BOJ to explain any adjustment to the degree of monetary easing while the (Japanese) government maintained an accommodative fiscal stance,” — Yusuke Koshiyama, senior Japan economist, Mizuho Research Institute
- “Since Japan's hesitation over policy tightening in the past, the faster build-up of inflation expectations suggests the central bank might need to hike rates more to achieve the same outcome,” — Kelvin Lam, senior economist, Pantheon Macroeconomics
What’s Next
The BOJ’s policy-rate decision is slated for September 17-18. If the 1.25 % hike is confirmed, analysts expect the bank to consider another 25-basis-point increase in December 2024 or January 2025, contingent on inflation trends and fiscal developments. Market participants will watch the BOJ’s language for clues about the pace of future tightening and the impact on the yen-dollar pairing.
