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Story summary
- Finland, Sweden and Norway are converting Cold War bunkers into facilities amid war in Ukraine.
- Finland operates about 50,500 civil-defence shelters protecting 4.8 million people, 85 % privately owned.
- Helsinki’s largest underground shelter, 30 metres below a car park, houses pitches, a gym and a café.
- In Stockholm, a Cold War bunker 30 metres underground now hosts the Bahnhof data centre.
- Norway stopped building shelters after 1998 and this year adopted a total-defence approach.
