Full Breakdown
France Tests New M51.3 Nuclear-Capable Missile from Submarine
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Test of the M51.3 Missile
France conducted its first test-firing of the upgraded M51.3 ballistic missile from the nuclear-powered submarine Le Vigilant in the North Atlantic. The launch was carried out without a warhead, in accordance with international obligations, and the missile impacted hundreds of kilometres from any coastline. The defence ministry confirmed the missile is a variant of the existing M51 family and entered service in October 2025 as part of the country’s deterrent modernisation.
Background and Context
President Emmanuel Macron announced in March that France would expand its nuclear arsenal and pursue joint European exercises, possible short-term deployment of nuclear-capable assets on allied territory, and deeper consultation on deterrence matters. The test follows a recent warning from Russian President Vladimir Putin that Moscow would defend the Kaliningrad exclave with nuclear weapons if the West escalates the Ukraine conflict. NATO has reiterated that its activities do not threaten Russian territory.
Key Figures
Data and Statistics
- France allocates roughly €5.6 billion ($6.04 billion) annually to maintain its nuclear stockpile.
- The stockpile comprises about 290 submarine- and air-launched weapons, ranking fourth worldwide.
- By comparison, the United Kingdom holds 225 warheads, while Russia and the United States each possess over 5,000.
Official Statements & Responses
The Elysée Palace and the Ministry of Defence reported the successful launch and emphasized compliance with international law. In a video posted on X, President Macron stated that the demonstration sent a clear message of strength to any potential adversary. NATO officials later clarified that none of the alliance’s exercises or activities constitute a threat to Russian territory. Putin, speaking separately, asserted that Russia has no plans to attack any European country and seeks peaceful coexistence.